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BUREAU OF MINES 
INFORMATION CIRCULAR/1988 



Characterization of the 1986 
Nonmetallic Mining Workforce 

By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 



Information Circular 9204 



Characterization of the 1986 
Nonmetallic Mining Workforce 

By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
Donald Paul Hodel, Secretary 

BUREAU OF MINES 
T S Ary, Director 



no. 10* 




Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data: 



Butani, Shail J. 

Characterization of the 1986 nonmetallic mining workforce. 

(Information Circular / Bureau of Mines; 9204) 

Bibliography, p. 7. 

Supt. of Docs, no.: I 28.27:9204. 

1. Miners-United States. I. Bartholomew, Ann M. II. Title. III. Title: 
Nonmetallic mining workforce. IV. Series: Information circular (United States. 
Bureau of Mines); 9204. 



TN295tU4 {HD8039.M62U617] 622 s [331.7'622'0973] 88-600261 



CONTENTS 



Page 

Abstract 1 

Introduction 2 

Acknowledgments 2 

Survey methodology 2 

Population 2 

Sample 3 

Data collection 3 

Data coding, entering, and editing 3 

Estimation procedures 3 

Grouping of characteristics 4 

Job title and principal equipment operated 4 

Employment size class 4 

Present job, present company, and total mining 

experience 4 

Job-related training during last 2 years 4 

Age 4 

Reliability of estimates 4 

Validation of estimates 5 



Page 

Summary of major findings 5 

Application of data for injury analyses 7 

Recommendations for future work 7 

References 7 

Appendix A.— Nonmetallic mining industry job title 

grouping 8 

Appendix B.— Nonmetallic mining industry equipment 

operated grouping 11 

Appendix C— Estimation procedures 13 

Appendix D.— Reliability of estimates: random group 

variance technique 14 

Appendix E. — Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce 

estimates 15 

Appendix F.— Mining industry population survey letters 

and questionnaire 37 



ILLUSTRATIONS 

1. Percentage of 1986 nonmetallic mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by age 6 

2. Percentage of 1986 nonmetallic mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by sex 6 

3. Percentage of 1986 nonmetallic mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by race 6 






TABLES 

1. Population and injury statistics for 1986 nonmetallic mining sector 2 

Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates— 

E-l . Job title, by employment size class 15 

E-2. Principal equipment operated, by employment size class 15 

E-3. Work location at mine, by employment size class 16 

E-4. Experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 16 

E-5. Training received, by employment size class 17 

E-6. Age distribution, by employment size class 17 

E-7. Sex, race, and education, by employment size class 17 

E-8. Job title, by principal equipment operated 18 

E-9. Job title, by work location at mine 19 

E-10. Job title, by years of experience at job 20 

E-l 1 . Job title, by years of experience at company 20 

E-12. Job title, by years of mining experience 21 

E-13. Job title, by hours of training received in last 2 years 21 

E-14. Job title, by years of age 22 

E-15. Job title, by sex 22 

E-16. Job title, by race 23 

E-17. Job title, by education 23 

E-18. Principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 24 

E-19. Principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 years 24 

E-20. Principal equipment operated, by years of age 25 

E-21 . Principal equipment operated, by sex 25 

E-22. Principal equipment operated, by race 26 

E-23. Principal equipment operated, by education 26 

E-24. Job, company, and mining experience, by work location 27 

E-25. Training received, by work location 27 

E-26. Age distribution, by work location 28 

E-27. Sex, race, and education, by work location 28 

E-28. Experience at job, by hours of training received in last 2 years 29 

E-29. Experience at job, by years of age 29 



TABLES — Continued 

Page 

E-30. Experience at job, by sex 30 

E-3 1 . Experience at job, by race 30 

E-32. Experience at job, by education 30 

E-33. Experience at company, by hours of training received in last 2 years 31 

E-34. Experience at company, by years of age 31 

E-35 . Experience at company, by sex 32 

E-36. Experience at company, by race 32 

E-37. Experience at company, by education 32 

E-38. Age, by education 33 

E-39. Age, race, and education, by sex 33 

E-40. Age and education, by race 34 

Number of workers and coefficient of variation— 

E-41 . By employment size class 34 

E-42. By job title 34 

E-43. By principal equipment operated 35 

E-44. By work location at mine 35 

E-45. By experience at job, company, and mining 35 

E-46. By training received 35 

E-47. By age 36 

E-48. By sex, race, and education 36 



UNIT OF MEASURE ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS REPORT 


h 


hour 


pet 


percent 


yr 


year 







CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 1986 NONMETALLIC MINING WORKFORCE 



By Shail J. Butani 1 and Ann M. Bartholomew 2 



ABSTRACT 



In 1986 the Bureau of Mines conducted a probability sample survey, Mining Industry Popula- 
tion Survey, to measure such employee characteristics as occupation; principal equipment operated; 
work location at the mine; present job, present company, and total mining experience; job-related 
training during the last 2 years; age; sex; race; and education. The population estimates are necessary 
to properly analyze the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) injury (includes illness 
and fatality data) statistics; that is, to compare and contrast injury rates for various subpopulations 
in order to identify those groups that are exhibiting higher than average injury rates. 

This report uses the survey's results to characterize the U.S. nonmetallic mining workforce 
from March through September 1986. Similar reports have been prepared for the metallic, stone, 
and sand and gravel mining industries, as well as for the entire metal and nonmetal mining (includes 
metallic, stone, sand and gravel, and nonmetallic industries) sector and the coal mining sector. 



'Mathematical statistician (now with Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC). 

^Statistical assistant. 

Twin Cities Research Center, Bureau of Mines, Minneapolis, MN. 




INTRODUCTION 



According to the occupational safety and health (OSH) statistics 
published annually by the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of 
Labor Statistics, the mining industry (excluding oil and gas extrac- 
tion) always has had one of the highest injury incidence rates among 
the major industry divisions. One of the primary objectives of the 
Bureau of Mines is to conduct research in the area of health and 
safety of the nation's miners, aimed at reducing the incidence rate 
of work-related injuries (includes illnesses and fatalities) in the 
domestic mining industry. In order to reduce the overall incidence 
rate, the Bureau needs to identify which groups or subpopulations 
of the workforce are exhibiting higher than average incidence rates. 

To identify the high-risk groups, information about the injured 
workers and about the entire workforce is required. Present regula- 
tions permit MSHA to collect information on all mine injuries 
requiring medical attention. Hence, a data base containing various 
characteristics on the injured workforce is available. Since similar 
information about the entire workforce was not available, the Bureau 
conducted a probability sample survey called the Mining Industry 
Population Survey (MIPS), also known as the demographics survey, 
to collect the necessary data. The 1986 survey measured the follow- 
ing characteristics: job title or occupation, principal equipment 
operated, work location at mine, experience at present job, 
experience at present company, total mining experience, job-related 
training during the last 2 years, age, sex, race, and education. This 
demographics survey provided information about the population at 
risk and will aid research in pinpointing the hazardous segments 
of the population, as illustrated by the following example. 

From MSHA's injury data base, it is known that 1,215 males 
and 49 females working in the U.S. nonmetallic mining industry 
were injured in 1986. If information about the population at risk 
(i.e., the number of male and female workers for the nonmetallic 
mining industry in 1986) is not known, then it is not valid to draw 
the conclusion that male miners are at a much higher injury risk 
than female miners. The estimates from the demographics survey 
show that there were a total of 30,966 male workers and 2,31 1 
female workers (table E-15) employed in U.S. nonmetallic mining 
in 1986. Of these workers, the nonoffice workforce identified by 



occupation or job title consists of 29,873 males and 1,061 females 
(table E-7). The reason for excluding office workers from the 
analysis is to account for some of the obvious differences in job 
risk. It should be noted that in the office worker category only 4 pet 
are males and 54 pet are females (table E-15). The added information 
on the population puts the injury statistics in a better perspective, 
as shown in table 1. 



Table 1.— Population and injury statistics for 1986 nonmetallic 
mining sector 





Population 
statistics 




Injury 


statistics 






Workers 


pet 


Injuries 


pet 


Lost 
workdays 


pet 


Male .... 
Female . . 


29,873 
1,061 


96.6 
3.4 


1,215 
49 


96.1 
3.9 


16,919 
881 


95.1 
4.9 


Total - . - 


30,934 


100.0 


1,264 


100.0 


17.800 


100.0 



Since the difference between the distribution of workers and 
lost workdays is relatively large, it would be interesting to further 
investigate the source of variation. Could the source of variation 
be job mix by sex? 

Hence, the present research will aid in finding solutions to 
reduce the injury incidence rates for the high-risk groups. That is, 
the collected information will be used to compare and contrast the 
demographics composition of the hazardous groups w ith those of 
the safer groups. Thus, through present research, the differences 
and similarities between the two groups can be defined. 

The purpose of this report is to provide the U.S. nonmetallic 
mining population estimates for March through September 1986 
by various characteristics. This information is essential to perform- 
ing the injury data analysis that is the ultimate goal of the survey. 

In addition to this report, there are three companion reports 
(/-i) 3 covering the metallic, stone, and sand and gravel mining 
industries. Summary reports have been published for the entire metal 
and nonmetal mining industry (4) and the coal mining industry (5). 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



The authors thank the officials of the U.S. Department of Labor, 
MSHA, for submitting the MIPS justification package to the Office 
of Management and Budget for its clearance to collect the data. 
Special thanks go to Kathy Snyder, public affairs specialist. Office 



of Information and Public Affairs, MSHA, for initiating the study. 
and to Edwin Thomasson, research liaison officer. Technical Sup- 
port, MSHA. for his continuous effort and support. 



SURVEY METHODOLOGY 



POPULATION 

The MIPS covered all workers employed in the anthracite coal 
(SIC 4 111), bituminous coal (SIC 121), metal (SIC 101-106, 109. 
281), stone (SIC 141, 142, 324, 327), sand and gravel (SIC 144). 
and nonmetal (SIC 131, 145, 147, 149, 289, 299) mining industries 
of the United States during the period March through September 
1986. This report gives estimates only for the nonmetallic mining 
sector. 

The information pertaining to the mine employees included in 
the survey was collected through the mine operators, because a com- 
prehensive sampling frame (name and address file) of the workers 



in mine establishments was not available, and cost considerations 
prohibited the data collection through personal visits. The number 
of universe units (establishments under MSHA's jurisdiction) 
covered by the scope of this survey was approximately 18.350. w ith 
a total employment level of about 350.000. The number of 
establishments and employment for the nonmetallic mining was 
about 1.050 and 34,000, respectively. The scope of the data for 



'Italic number> in parentheses refer to items in the list of references preceding the 
appendixes at the end oi this report. 

4 The Standard Industrial Classification (SIO was re\ised in 1987; the tndustrs group 
numbers used here are those in effect at the time of the MIPS. 



the employees covered by this survey is the same as that of the data 
collected by MSHA form 7000-1 for mine accidents, injuries, 
illnesses, and fatalities, and MSHA form 7000-2 for quarterly mine 
employment. The collection of the fundamental statistics reported 
on these two forms is required by law (30 U.S.C. 813; 30 CFR 50). 



SAMPLE 

The principal feature of the survey sample design was its use 
of two-stage stratified random sampling. The primary sampling units 
(first stage) were the mine establishments; the secondary sampling 
units were employees within each of the chosen mine establishments. 
The characteristics used to stratify the primary units were the in- 
dustry (anthracite coal, bituminous coal, metal, stone, sand and 
gravel, nonmetal); mine type (underground, surface, plant or mill); 
employment size class (1-19, 20-49, 50-99, 100-249, 250-499, 
500-999, 1,000 and above); and status code (active, intermittent). 
Since the first three stratification characteristics are highly correlated 
with the characteristics that the survey was to measure, use of 
stratified sampling increased the efficiency of the sample design 
and thus resulted in a smaller required sample size. The fourth 
characteristic, status code, was chosen so that nonresponse adjust- 
ment could be made within more homogenous groups. This is 
desirable because proportionately higher numbers of nonmailable, 
out-of-business, refusal, etc., responses are reported from inter- 
mittent mine establishments than from active mine establishments. 

The sampling frame used for this survey was the 1985 
preliminary address and employment file maintained by MSHA. 
A probability sample of 297 nonmetallic mining establishments from 
a universe of 1,043 nonmetallic mining establishments was selected 
by stratifying the frame as previously described and using a 
systematic sampling procedure with a random start for each stratum. 
The employees within an establishment were selected by using a 
systematic sampling procedure with a common random start for 
each employment size class. 

A brief description of the sample allocation is as follows. For 
larger employment size classes, the allocation procedure placed all 
of the establishments on the frame in the sample as primary sampling 
units from which the employees were subsampled at a low frequency 
rate. As employment size class decreased, smaller and smaller 
proportions of the establishments were included as primary sampling 
units, but the employees within the establishments were subsampled 
at a higher frequency rate. The use of this procedure gave each 
employee, to the extent possible, about the same probability of 
inclusion in the sample, thus reducing the sampling variability. In 
order to limit the response burden for any one establishment, a 
maximum sample of 50 employees per establishment was selected. 



DATA COLLECTION 

The MIPS was conducted from March through September 1986 
by mail questionnaire through the Bureau's Twin Cities (MN) 
Research Center. A reproduction of the original letter, followup 
letter, and the questionnaire bearing the Office of Management and 
Budget clearance number authorizing collection of the data are in- 
cluded in appendix F. 

The response status for the nonmetallic mining sector from the 
original and followup mailings, as well as from telephone calls to 
the nonrespondents, is summarized here. From a total population 
of 1,043 nonmetallic mining establishments, the survey sampled 
297 operations. The overall response and rate were 282 and 95 
pet, respectively. There were 41 out-of-scope returns (i.e., out of 
businesses, nonmailables, duplicates, temporary inactives, and new 
businesses under construction); the remaining 256 returns were 



within the scope of the survey (i.e., nonrespondents, usables, 
refusals, and unusables). Of the 256 in-scope records, 219 were 
usables. Thus, the survey achieved a usable response rate of 86 pet. 
A brief description of the response terms follows: 



Response code 



Description 



Nonrespondent Received no response from the 

establishment. 

Usable Establishment provided usable data. 

Refusal Establishment refused to provide any 

data. 
Unusable Establishment provided data that 

were not in usable format. 
Nonmailable Establishment's address was either 

insufficient or wrong. 
Duplicate Data were combined with another 

establishment's data. 
Out-of-business .... Establishment was permanently 

closed. 
New business Establishment was in development 

stage. 
Temporary inactive . Establishment was temporarily not 

operating. 

As part of the data collection phase, all the returns were 
reviewed and edited for completeness and reasonableness of the 
data. Whenever there were inconsistencies, the respondents were 
called for reconciliation. Also, almost all of the respondents that 
had initially refused to participate in the survey were contacted by 
phone. Approximately 80 pet of these respondents ultimately sup- 
plied data. Adjustments for those mine establishments that did not 
supply the data, or supplied partial data, are explained in the 
"Estimation Procedures" section and in appendix C. 



DATA CODING, ENTERING, AND EDITING 

The returns underwent a very comprehensive review and editing 
process in order to (1) minimize the reporting differences among 
the respondents (establishments), (2) ensure consistency of coding 
among the individual worker entries, (3) ensure the accuracy of 
the data entry, and (4) ensure compatibility of occupation and equip- 
ment coding with the MSHA injury data base. 



ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 

In a simple random sampling plan, all units are sampled with 
the same sampling ratio. To derive the population estimates, the 
sample units are weighted (replicated) by the inverse of the sampling 
ratio. Because of efficiency consideration, the data for this 
demographics study were collected using a complex survey design. 
Hence, the data for each worker, the ultimate sampling unit, were 
not equally weighted. Instead, the population estimates were derived 
by weighting data for each worker with the appropriate final weight 
which of the data, was the product of the following three factors: 
(1) the inverse of the sampling ratio with which the primary sampling 
unit (establishment) was sampled; (2) a nonresponse adjustment 
factor that was computed separately for each sampling stratum and 
assigned to all responding establishments in a stratum to account 
for those establishments in that stratum that did not respond; and 
(3) the inverse of the sampling ratio with which the secondary 
sampling units (workers) were selected. A detailed discussion of 
the different weights and estimation formulas are given in 



appendix C. In statistical terms, the survey's estimates of the popula- 
tion total were based on a Horvitz-Thompson estimator (6). 

No adjustment was made for partial nonresponse. That is, the 
characteristics that were left blank by the respondents were coded 
as unspecified and were, naturally, weighted by their appropriate 
final weight in computing the population estimates. The percentage 
unspecified for a particular characteristic gives the user an indica- 
tion of the completeness of the schedules. 



GROUPING OF CHARACTERISTICS 

The original data base has detailed data for the characteristics 
mentioned below. For purposes of publication, the detailed data 
were combined into groups. Please contact the authors to obtain 
detailed data or a different grouping of the data for any or all of 
the characteristics. 



Job Title and Principal Equipment Operated 

Since the original data base has about 100 codes for each of 
these two categories (see appendixes A and B), the entries were 
combined into 20 to 25 groups. Similarities of the job title or prin- 
cipal equipment operated and number of workers in each entry were 
two of the main criteria used in forming the groups. 



Employment Size Class 

The classes used for this characteristic are the standard size 
class definition used by MSHA. Because there were very few mines 
for the size class having 1,000 or more employees, the estimates 
for this class were computed separately and then were combined 
with the estimates for employment size class 500 through 999 in 
order to protect the confidentiality of the mines as well as the 
workers. The combined size class is labeled as 500 + . 



Present Job, Present Company, and Total Mining 
Experience 

The data for all three of these characteristics were coded only 
as the number of years. It was felt that data were not reliable enough 
to be accurate to the month. The groupings were formed to be as 
compatible as possible to the groupings used by MSHA for its injury 
statistics. 



Job-Related Training During the Last 2 Years 

The grouping for this characteristic was formed to reflect the 
definite and logical intervals that various mine operators employ 
and that meets the need of the mine safety personnel. The most 
frequently reported number was 16 h for training during the last 
2 years; this is because MSHA requires a minimum training of 8 
h/yr. Also, MSHA and safety personnel are interested in knowing 
the percent of workers who receive no training. Hence, both and 
16 h were categorized separately. 

Age 

The groupings for age were formed to be about the same as 
what MSHA uses for its injury statistics. 



RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES 

As stated in reference 7: 

All estimates derived from a sample survey are subject 
to sampling and nonsampling errors. Sampling errors occur 
because observations are made on a sample, not on the entire 
population. Estimates based on the different possible samples 
of the same size and sample design could differ. Nonsampling 
errors in the estimates can be attributed to many sources, 
e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the 
sample, mistakes in recording or coding the data, definitional 
difficulties, etc. 

Nonsampling errors occur in a census as well as in a sample 
survey. As mentioned earlier, the completed forms underwent a 
very comprehensive review and edit process. This was primarily 
done to minimize the nonsampling errors. 

In a probability sample, the coefficients of variation (CV's), 
which are a measure of the sampling errors in the estimates, can 
be estimated from the survey data. CV's were calculated for the 
basic characteristics as part of the survey estimation process; these 
CV's as well as the corresponding estimates for number of workers 
are given in tables E-41 through E-48. The CV's for other estimates 
can also be derived if requested. The methodology used to com- 
pute the estimated CV's is given below. 

By definition, the CV of any sample estimate is equal to the 
standard error of the estimate divided by the value of the estimate 
(5). In other words, it is a measure of relative variation. Because 
the survey data will be used by numerous researchers to measure 
different statistics (e.g., totals, means, medians, percentages) by 
various cross-classification categories, it was not feasible to use 
the exact formula for the standard error estimates. Hence, a 
generalized formula that approximated the exact formula and that 
was easy to implement for computing all the standard error estimates 
was developed. It should be noted that since the survey uses a com- 
plex sampling design, the usual variance, standard deviation, and 
standard error estimates computed by the software packages are 
no longer valid because they are based on simple random sample 
design. The reliability measures for this survey were computed by 
employing a random group variance technique. A brief descrip- 
tion of it is given in appendix D and a detailed discussion is given 
in reference 9. 

The purpose of producing a reliability measure for this report 
is to define the confidence interval or range that would include the 
comparable complete coverage value. For example, the total number 
of estimated truck drivers for the 1986 nonmetallic mining industry 
was 1,565 (table E-l and E-42) with a CV of 12.0 pet (table E-42). 
Based on this information, the standard error on the total number 
of truck drivers is 188 (estimate x CV = 1,565 x 0.120) and the 
95-pct confidence interval is 1.189 to 1.941 (1.565 ± 2 x 188). 
This means that with 95 pet confidence, it can be said that the 
interval 1.189 to 1.941 includes the total number of truck drivers 
in the nonmetallic mining industry that would have been obtained 
from a census of the frame. 

In general, the smaller the subpopulation size, the larger the 
variability in the estimates. Additionally, the larger the nonresponse. 
the less reliable the estimate may be. As mentioned earlier, 
nonresponse error is considered a nonsampling error. This error 
occurred more frequently for estimates of job-related training dur- 
ing the last 2 years and total mine experience than for other variables 
because conceptually these variables are harder to report. Moreover, 
it is possible that the training estimates might be somewhat biased 
because many respondents filled in 16 h. the minimum number of 
hours required by MSHA over a 2-year period. 



VALIDATION OF ESTIMATES 

Once the estimates were produced, they were validated for 
accuracy and reasonableness by several mining industry specialists. 
Additionally, the total employment for each industry was compared 
to an independent census conducted by MSHA, the results of which 
are reported in references 10 through 14. The injury experience 
reports tabulate the injury-illness-fatality data reported to MSHA 
on form 7000-1 and employment data reported on form 7000-2. 
While the data base used to compile the statistics for these reports 
contains detailed information for the injured victims, it does not 
contain similar information for the entire workforce. The breakdown 
of total employment is available only by type of ore mined, employ- 
ment size class, and work location. Hence, the MIPS was conducted 
so that MSHA injury data could be analyzed in greater detail. 

The data show that the overall employment figures from the 
two sources differed about 1 pet for the nonmetallic mining industry, 
with the MSHA figures being higher than those of the demographic 
survey. The difference in the estimates is caused in part by dif- 
ferences in reporting, coverage period, definitions, and methodology 
as explained below for data comparison by employment size class 
and by work location. 

When comparing distribution of workers by employment size 
class, the differences between the data of the total row of table E-l 
of this report and MSHA data as stated in table 4 of reference 13 
are substantial. This is mainly due to the differences in definition 
and methodology. The MIPS classification is based on total employ- 
ment of an establishment as it existed when the respondents filled 
out the questionnaire. MSHA collects employment on a quarterly 
basis, and for each quarter it is possible for the employment to be 
broken into a maximum of four different work locations; hence, 
each establishment may have up to 16 different employment figures. 

Per MSHA's methodology, the size groups are classified 
according to the lowest numbered (primary) subunit's average 
employment of four quarters and not on the total employment of 



an establishment, as is the case with the MIPS. For example, if 
an establishment's annual average employment is 60, but the 
employment for the primary subunit, say underground, is 15, then 
the establishment per MSHA's methodology is classified in size 
class 1 through 19, whereas according to the MIPS procedure it 
is in size class 50 through 99. It is for this reason the average 
employment per operation as stated in table 4 of reference 13 is 
4. 1 for size class 1-4. It should be noted that MSHA classification 
overestimates the employment in smaller size classes. 

In view of the above, the injury data as published in reference 
13 by size class should not be analyzed against the MIPS employ- 
ment size class data. Instead, the analyst needs to retabulate the 
MSHA injury data from the original data tapes so that the size class 
definition corresponds to the MIPS. 

Also, a large difference existed between MIPS and MSHA 
figures for employment distribution by work location. This is 
primarily due to differences in reporting. The employment reported 
to MSHA every quarter is in aggregate numbers for each work loca- 
tion (maximum of four). Generally, this type of reporting results 
in gross approximations in the breakdown of variables such as 
employment. For the MIPS data, the work location was reported 
for each worker in the sample, in the same manner as it is reported 
to MSHA on form 7000-1 for each injured worker. It should be 
noted that the data on work location for individual workers is known 
with more specificity than for the whole population. Hence, it is 
appropriate to analyze the survey work location data with MSHA 
injury statistics. 

Additionally, a small portion of the difference in the two 
estimates is due to the job title category of office workers. The MIPS 
underestimated the number of employees in this category because 
many respondents assumed that these workers very seldom incur 
injuries and therefore were not to be reported. For the purposes 
of injury analysis, the office workers are to be excluded because 
of some of the obvious difference in the injury risk. Hence, the 
difference in counts of office workers does not make any difference. 



SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS 



The findings of the survey by various cross-classifications are 
given as estimates in tables E-l through E-40; tables E-41 through 
E-48 give reliability estimates for the basic characteristics and a 
detailed discussion of their use is given in the "Reliability of 
Estimates" section. If desired, the estimates by some other 
classification criteria including more detailed estimates (e.g., 
distribution of workers by age and experience at present company 
working at the plant or mill location) can be derived from the original 
data base. The following findings are based on the data for the entire 
1986 nonmetallic mining workforce. 

• The total estimated workforce for 1986 was approximately 
33,400 (table E-l). The data in table E-l also indicate that 
24 pet of the workforce was employed in establishments with 
49 or less employees, 40 pet in establishments with 50-249 
employees, and 36 pet in establishments with 250 or more 
employees. 

• The largest category of workers was plant operator-ware- 
houseman with 20 pet of the employment; followed closely 
by mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist with 18 pet, and laborer- 
miner-utility man with 12 pet (table E-l). Each of the 
remaining occupation groupings had fewer than 10 pet of 
the employees. 

• The distribution of workers by job title varied greatly 
according to the employment size class (table E-l): For 
example, the front-end loader-forklift operator, and truck 
driver category constituted 11 and 18 pet, respectively, of 



the workforce in employment size class 1-19, however, in 
the size class 500 + they each represented only 1 pet of the 
workforce. Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist, on the other 
hand, made up only 7 pet of the employment in size class 
1-19 and 25 pet in size class 500 + . 

• The distribution of workers by work location was 
underground mine, 11 pet; surface at underground mine, 5 
pet; surface mine, 34 pet; plant or mill, 41 pet; office, 9 pet 
(table E-3). The data in table E-3 also show that four distinct 
distributions exist by size class 1-19, 20-99, 100-499, and 
500+ . 

• Of the female employees, 54 pet had the job title category 
office worker, compared with 4 pet of the males (table E-l 5). 

The following findings are based on nonmetallic mining data 
that exclude the job title category of office worker. 

• The largest category of equipment operated was handtools 
(powered and nonpowered) with 21 pet of the employment, 
followed closely by the category none with 19 pet, and plant 
equipment with 17 pet. 

• The median experience at present job, present company, and 
total mining were 5,9, and 10 years, respectively (table EA). 
The data also show that workers employed in establishments 
with 250 or more employees had higher median experience 
in all three categories than those employed in establishments 
with less than 250 employees. 



Mean job-related training during the last 2 years was 44 h 
and it varied greatly by size class (table E-5). 
Mean age was about 39 years across all size classes (table 
E-6). The age group 40-49 had the largest number of workers 
(6,926), followed closely by the 50 and over age group 
(6,632); these two groups made up about 43 pet of the 
workforce. 

Males made up 97 pet of the workforce (table E-7). Note 
that the 97-pct figure excludes the unspecified category. 
Whites, blacks, and Hispanics made up 75, 15, and 8 pet, 
respectively, of the workforce (table E-7). The remaining 
2 pet workers belonged either to another race or were 
unspecified. 

Of those workers whose education was specified, 74 pet had 
a high school or better education (table E-7). Note that this 
figure is obtained by (1) summing the workers in the 
categories high school diploma, vocational diploma, some 
college, and college degree, and (2) dividing this sum by 
the total number of workers minus the workers in the 
unspecified category. In this case, it is 21,308 divided by 
28,633. 

The distribution of males and females by principal equip- 
ment operated is shown in table E-21. Handtools (powered 
and nonpowered) was the principal equipment operated 
category for males (22 pet) compared with 6 pet for females; 
scale-lab equipment-controls, on the other hand, were 
operated by 13 pet of the females and by 5 pet of the males. 



82 pet 



85 pet 



87 pet 



80 pet 



82 pet 



68 pet 



59 pet 



15-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 

AGE, yr 



40-49 



50 + 



Figure 1 .—Percentage of 1986 nonmetallic mining workforce 
with at least a high school diploma, by age (excluding job title 
category of office worker, as well as workers whose education 
was unspecified. 



Education and median experience at the present company 
were inversely related (table E-37); that is, on the average, 
the less educated the person was, the longer he or she was 
employed with the company. 

There was a higher percentage of employees with at least 
a high school education under the age of 40 than there were 
of age 40 and over (table E-38 and figure 1); education, 
categorized by sex (table E-39), and race (table E-40) are 
shown in figures 2 and 3, respectively. 



75 pet 


79 n/-f 













MALE 



-EMALE 



Figure 2.— Percentage of 1986 nonmetallic mining workforce 
with at least a high school diploma, by sex (excluding job title 
category of office worker, as well as workers whose education 
was unspecified. 



80 pet 







65 pc: 




52 pet 













- 1 s ; - ; c 



Figure 3.— Percentage of 1986 nonmetallic mining workforce 
with at least a high school diploma, by race (excluding job title 
category of office worker, as well as workers whose education 
was unspecified. 



APPLICATION OF DATA FOR INJURY ANALYSES 



The ultimate objective of this study is to provide a basis for— 

1. Analyzing the 1986 MSHA nonmetallic mining injury 
statistics and identifying those subpopulations exhibiting higher or 
lower than average injury rates. 

2. Producing some selected estimates by geographic location 
such as regions (east, central, west), MSHA districts, or States, 
and performing injury data analyses. 



3. Developing an easy to use computerized data base that would 
be available to the researchers to do their own analyses especially 
in the area of targeting injury prevention and training efforts. 

The results from these analyses, which encompass all facets 
of mining operations, can help identify areas where research efforts 
should be devoted to achieve the greatest safety improvements, thus 
preventing creation of unnecessary regulations or crash research 
programs that tend to waste funds. 



RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK 



1 . After the injury analyses are performed, and the hazardous 
areas or subpopulations have been identified, it would be desirable 
to further investigate their problems and needs. This can be 
accomplished by conducting some special surveys such as an equip- 
ment use survey, maintenance related work survey, small mines 
survey, etc. 

2. Repeat the MIPS and perform the injury analyses period- 
ically, say every 3 to 5 years, in order to study the changing min- 



ing environment and its impact on mining safety and productivity. 
When the survey is repeated, it is recommended that modifications 
be made to the questionnaire to reflect new needs. It is also recom- 
mended that the collection of total mine experience and job-related 
training data be eliminated, since these variables are conceptually 
very hard to measure. Also, the variables experience on the job 
and experience with the company should be measured in years only. 



REFERENCES 



1. Butani, S. J., and A. M. Bartholomew. Characterization of the 1986 
Metallic Mining Workforce. BuMines IC 9201, 1988, in press. 

2. . Characterization of the 1986 Stone Mining Workforce. 

BuMines IC 9202, 1988, in press. 

3. . Characterization of the 1986 Sand and Gravel Mining 

Workforce. BuMines IC 9203, 1988, in press. 

4. . Characterization of the 1986 Metal and Nonmetal Mining 

Workforce. BuMines IC 9193, 1988, 60 pp. 

5. . Characterization of the 1986 Coal Mining Workforce. 

BuMines IC 9192, 1988, 67 pp. 

6. Cochran, W. G. Sampling Techniques. Wiley, 3d ed., 1977, 429 pp. 

7. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Illnesses in the United 
States by Industry, 1985. May 1987, 81 pp. 

8. Hansen, M. H., W. N. Hurwitz, and W. G. Madow. Sample Survey 
Methods and Theory. Wiley, v. 1, 1953, 638 pp. 



9. Wolter, K. M. Introduction to Variance Estimation. Springer- Verlag, 
1985, 440 pp. 

10. U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration. Injury Experience in 
Metallic Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1158, 1987, 276 pp. 

11. . Injury Experience in Stone Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1160, 

1987, 450 pp. 

12. . Injury Experience in Sand and Gravel Mining, 1986. Inf. 

Rep. 1161, 1987, 111 pp. 

13. . Injury Experience in Nonmetallic Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 

1159, 1987, 291 pp. 

14. . Injury Experience in Coal Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1157, 

1987, 390 pp. 



APPENDIX A.— NONMETALLIC MINING INDUSTRY JOB TITLE GROUPING 

Description Job title code 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 367, 378, 778, 387 

Beltman-belt repairman 601, 1012, 996 

Blaster 807 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 372 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 368, 768, 985 

Driller-rock bolter 33, 34, 333, 334, 1056, 46 

Electrician-lampman 402, 602, 603, 385 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 382, 782, 825, 389 

Grader-scraper operator 375, 775, 957 

Laborer-miner-utility man 616, 53, 316, 36, 38, 39, 45, 57, 58, 59, 158, 216, 224, 327, 

386, 395, 609, 624, 663, 710, 716, 874, 997, 1013, 1055 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: General 430, 449, 481, 489, 494 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: Maintenance 418 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: Working 749 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 404, 604, 605, 1019, 1018, 1060, 394, 608 

Mine technical support 320, 393, 396, 414, 423, 456, 464, 495, 593, 594, 920, 921, 

930, 965, 998, 1014 

Office worker 497 

Plant operator-warehouseman 374, 379, 380, 388, 390, 392, 1022 

Shuttle car-tram operator 850, 28, 29, 269, 373, 728, 962, 969 

Stone cutter-finisher 398, 399 

Truck driver 376, 776 



Code Description 

28 Scoop tram operator 

29 Mucking machine operator 

33 Driller helper, underground 

34 Exploration driller, underground 

Longhole driller, underground 

Prospect driller, underground 

Diamond driller, underground 

36 Continuous miner operator 

38 Cutting machine operator 

39 Hand loader 

Trammer 
45 Hangup man 

Rockman 

Raise blaster 

Chute blaster 

Rock handler 
46 Pinner 

Truss bolter 

Rock bolter 

Roof trimmer 

Roof man 

Scaler operator 

Roof bolter 
53 Nipper 

Utility man 

57 Stope miner 

58 DXC miner 

Drift miner 

59 Raise miner 

158 Rock machine operator, underground 

216 Trackman 

224 Trainees, underground 



Code 



Description 



269 Chute puller, underground 

Locomotive operator 

Car loader underground 

Whistle punk, underground 
316 Service truck operator 

Laborer 

Track gang, surface 

Surface worker 

Utility man, surface 

Pumper, surface 

Tamping machine operator 
320 Cage attendant, surface 

Aerial tram— outside only 

327 Surface miner 

333 Driller helper 

334 Carriage-mounted drill operator, surface 

Wagon drill operator, surface 

Churn driller, surface 

Rotary drill operator 

JP drill operator, surface 

Air-track driller, outside only 
367 Backhoe operator 

Power shovel operator 

Pitman 
368 Dozer operator 

Track operator helper, surface 

Tractor operator, surface 
372 Deckhand 

Dredge operator 

Barge attendant 

Barge loader 

Boat operator 



Code Description 

373 Car dropper 

374 Storekeeper 

Blunger 

Process operator 

Sandbox operator 

Mill operator 

Reagent operator 

Car loader, surface 

Warehouseman 

Shipping 

Media operator 

Breakerman 

Crusher operator 

Sewing machine operator 

Boney preparation plant operator 

Packaging 

Cleaning plant operator 

Truck loader 

Bagger-baler 

Preparation plant operator 

Cobber 

375 Grader operator, surface 

376 Truck driver, surface 

378 Dragline operator 

Dropball operator 

Crane operator, surface 
379 Kiln operator 

Calciner 

Dryer operator 

380 Fine coal plant operator 

382 Loader operator 

Front-end loader operator, surface 

Pan operator 

Scraper operator 

Highlift operator 

Payloader operator 

385 Lampman 

386 Refuse truck driver 

387 Rotary bucket excavator operator 

388 Separator operator 

Scalper 

Shaker operator 

Screen operator 

389 Forklift operator 

390 Silo operator 

392 Washery operator 

Topman 

Skip dumper 

Binman 

Scrubber operator 

Tipple operator-attendant 
393 Scaleperson 

Weighman-weighmaster 

394 Carpenter 

395 Water truck operator 

396 Watchman 

Security guard 
398 Sawyer 

Stone finishing 

399 Dimension stone cutter-polisher 

402 Master electrician 

404 Master mechanic 



Code Description 

414 Laboratory assistant 

Analyst 

Laboratory technician 

Laboratory supervisor 

Quality control 

Dust sampler 

Emission control specialist 
418 Maintenance supervisor 

Maintenance foreman 

423 Surveyor 

430 Assistant mine manager 

Assistant mine foreman-vice president 
449 Mine owner 

Assayers 

President 

General foreman 

Mine manager 

Mine foreman 
456 Engineer 

Metallurgist-geologist 

Chemist 

464 Inspector 

481 Superintendents 

Project managers 

Coordinators 

Supervisors 

489 Outside foreman 

494 Plant manager 

Mill manager 

Plant foreman 

Mill foreman 
495 Safety coordinator 

Safety manager 

Safety director 

Environmental coordinator 

Safety engineer 
497 Office help 

Computer operator 

Controller 

Clerk 

593 Nurse 

594 Training specialist 

601 Conveyor man 

Belt walker 

Belt installer 

Tunnel worker 

Tailpiece man 

Belt mover 

Mobile bridge carrierman 

Beltman 
602 Lineman 

Electrician 

603 Electrician helper 

604 Fueler 

Boilermaker 

Plumber 

Pipefitter 

Boiler operator 

Pipe man 

Boiler trainee 

Mechanic 

Repairman 

Mill wright 



10 



Code 



Description 



Code 



Description 



605 Mechanic helper 

608 Mason 

609 Supplyman 

Material man 
616 Rock picker 

Parts runner 

Groundman 

Unit helper 

Bathhouse attendant 

Pointman 

Laborer 

Slate picker 

Roustabout 

Extra man 
624 Trainees 

Apprentice 
663 Ledgeman 

Quarry man 

Miner, not elsewhere classified 

Shaft miner 

Probeman 
710 Propman 

Timberman 
716 Cement man 

Form man 

Grizzly tender 
728 Gizmo operator 

Load-haul-dump operator, underground 
749 Shift boss 

Foreman-leadman 

Bullgang foreman 

Labor foreman 

Section boss-foreman 

768 Heavy equipment operator 

775 Grader operator, underground 

776 Truck driver, underground 

778 Cherry picker 

Crane operator, underground 

Dragline operator, underground 

Backhoe operator, underground 

Gradall operator 

Front-end loader operator, underground 
807 Chargeman 

Shot firer 

Powder man 

Blaster 

Airdox operator 

Loading hole shooter 

Powder monkey 



825 Bobcat operator 

850 Ramcar operator 

Shuttle car operator 

Buggy operator 

874 Mine equipment operator 

920 Cager 

92 1 Hoist operator 

Hoist engineer 

Shaftman 

930 Skip tender 

957 Scraper operator 

962 Car runner, surface 

Trip rider 

Brakeman 

Flagman 

Car rider 

Conductor 

965 Dispatcher 

969 Swamper 

Motorman 

Switchman 
985 Heavy equipment operator, surface 

Mobile equipment operator, surface 

996 Feeder man 

997 General or many equipment operator 

998 Janitor 

Bag stenciler 

Prospector 

Painter 

1012. . . Belt repairman 

Belt vulcanizer 

1013. . . Cleanup man 

1014. . . .Sampler 
1018. . . Lube man 

Greaser-oiler 
1019... Welder 
1022. . . Dump man 

Dump operator 
1055. . . . Chainman 
1056... Rock driller 
1060. . . .Machinist 

Shopman 

Shop foreman 

Bit sharpener 



11 



APPENDIX B.— NONMETALLIC MINING INDUSTRY EQUIPMENT OPERATED GROUPING 

Description Equipment code 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 16, 14 

Belt 13, 96 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 8, 85 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 53, 54, 49 

Drill (surface) 9 

Explosives 47 

Front-end loader-forklift 24, 23 

Grader-scraper 52, 57 

Handtools (powered and non-powered) 28 

Hoist-elevator 30, 19, 38 

Many equipment 97 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 95, 12, 16 

Plant equipment 40, 7, 10, 11, 15, 18, 22, 26, 32, 39, 46, 51, 58, 69, 82, 83 

Pump 48 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 92, 80, 91 

Shuttle car-locomotive 61, 34, 33, 41, 42, 43, 65 

Stone cutter-finishing machine 17 

Truck (haulage) 44, 45 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier . .' 67, 37, 66 

Welding machine-lathe 70, 5 

None 

Not elsewhere classified 98, 68, 71, 81, 88 

Unspecified 99 



Code 



Description 




None 

5 Drill press 

Bench grinder 

Lathe 
7 Boats 

Barges 

Water transportation 
8 Bulldozer 

Dozer 

Crawler tractor 
9 Carriage .mounted drill 

Jumbo drill 

Churn drill 

Rotary drill 

Jet piercing drill 

Airtrack compressor drill 
10 Chute 

Airslide 
11 Classifier 

Cyclones 
12 Continuous miner 

Dosco miner 
13 Belt feeder 

Mobile bridge carrier 

Conveyor 

All types belts 
14 Cherry picker 

Basket scaler 

Scaling machine 

Rock or dropball 

Boom hoist 

Derrick 

Crane 

Gantry 



Code Description 

15 Breaker 

Crusher 
16 Cutting machines 

Undercutter 

Chain cutter 
17 Polishing machinery 

Dimension stone cutting 

18 Dredge 

19 Elevator 

Buckets 

Cage 

Skip 
22 Precipitator heavy media bath 

Filters 

Flotation machines 

23 Forklift 

24 Highlift 

Skip tender 

Front-end loader 

Pay loader 

26 Grizzlies 

28 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 

Ram jack 
30 Hoist 

Car dropper 

Hydraulic jack 

32 Impactor 

33 Scoop tram 

Unitrac 

Load-haul-dump 

Teletram car 

Bobcat, underground 



12 



Code 


Description 


34 


Locomotive 




Trammer 




Tow-motor 




Lorry car 




Rail-mounted locomotive 


37 


Porta bus 




Mancar 




Golf cart 




Mantrip 




Rail runner 




Rail rover 




Personnel carrier 




Boss buggy 




Jeep 


38 


Man lift 




Scaling ring 


39 


Grinding mills 




Ball or rod mills 


40 


Milling machinery 




Block press 




General plant equipment 


41 


Nipper truck, underground 




Mine car, underground 




Underground flatcar 




Timber truck, underground 


42 


Mine car, surface 




Ore-coal car, surface 




Boxcar, surface 




Hopper car, surface 


43 


Mucking machine 




Overshot loader 


44 


Ore haulage trucks, offhighway 


45 


Payloader ore haulage, onhighway 


46 


• Bagger 




Sewing machine 




Packaging machine 


47 


Pneumatic blast agent loader 




Pop shooter 




Driller loader 




Prill loader 




Powder buggy 




Explosives 


48 


. Pump 


49 


Raise borer 


51 


Raw coal storage 




Tipple 




Dump bins 


52 


Roadgrader 




Motor grader 




Motor patrol 


53 


Jackleg 




Drifter drill 




Airleg 




Diamond drill 




Track drill 




Jumbo drill 




Rock drill 




Buzzy drill 




Jackhammer 




Hydraulic drill 




Stoper drill 



Code Description 

54 Pinner 

Roof bolting machine 
57 Pan scraper 

Scoop, surface 

Self-loading scraper 

Tractor scraper 

Scraper loader 
58 Shaker 

Vibrator 

Screen 
60 Dragline 

Dragline bucket 

Backhoe 

Power shovel 

Clamshell 
61 Buggy 

Shuttle car 

Ram car 
65 Track maintenance 

Track repair equipment 
66 Tractor, underground 

Elkhorn 

Supply car 
67 Trash truck 

Service truck 

Utility truck 

Water truck 

Dump truck 

Pickup truck 
68 Tugger 

Air winch 

69 Washers 

70 Welding machine 

Torch 
71 Machines, not elsewhere classified 

Rock rake 

Drilling rigs 

Impact roller 

80 Lab equipment 

81 Rigs, not elsewhere classified 

82 Boilers 

83 Furnaces 

Calciners 

Kilns 

Dryers 
85 Heavy equipment 

Mobile equipment 

88 Diesels 

91 Controls 

Consoles 

92 Scales 

95 Miscellaneous utility equipment 

96 Feeders 

97 Many-all types of equipment 

98 Not elsewhere classified 

99 Not specified 



13 



APPENDIX C— ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 



Establishment weight. —Suppose one out of every five mine 
establishments in a sampling stratum (industry-mine type-employ- 
ment size class-status) was selected. Then, the sampling ratio is 
1-5, and the establishment weight (EWT) is 5.00, the inverse of 
the sampling ratio. 

Nonresponse adjustment factor.— Also suppose in a given 
sampling stratum, 80 pet of the establishments that were within the 
scope of the survey responded. Then, the nonresponse adjustment 
factor (NRAF) is 1.25 (i.e., 100/80). 

Worker weight.— Additionally, there was the sampling ratio 
with which the workers in the establishment were sampled; the 
worker weight (WWT) ranged from 1.00 to 30.00 (see the first 
page of the MIPS questionnaire in appendix F). Theoretically, all 
the workers in a sampling stratum should have had the same weight. 
Hence, there would have been no need to assign weight at the worker 
level, as the worker weight could have been incorporated into the 
establishment weight. In practice, however, this is seldom the case 
because for a few establishments the employment level changes from 
what it was on the sampling frame to the time of the survey data 
collection. Since all the establishments did not report in the same 
employment size class that they were sampled in, it was necessary 
to also assign each worker a weight. 

Final weight.— For the purpose of computing the estimates, 
each worker was assigned a final weight (FWT) which was the 
product of establishment weight (EWT), nonresponse adjustment 
factor (NRAF), and the worker weight (WWT). That is, FWT = 
EWT X NRAF x WWT. 

Estimates of number of workers. —The estimates of the total 
number of workers were computed by (1) summing the final weights 
over the appropriate domain, and (2) rounding the sum to the nearest 
integer. 

Example: To estimate the total number of truck drivers: 



1. Compute x 



I FWTj 
kD 



Where the domain, D, was the set of all records 

(workers) that had an occupation code of truck 

driver. 

2. Compute y = round (x). 



Estimates of mean. —The estimates of mean age (training) were 
computed by summing over the appropriate domain (1) the product 
of age (training) and final weight, (2) the final weights, and then 
(3) dividing the sum of the products by the sum of the weights and 
rounding the result to the nearest whole number. It should be noted 
that for each domain only those entries where age (training) was 
specified were included in the computation. 

Example: To estimate the mean age of the truck drivers: 



1. Compute x 



2. Compute y = 



I (A gei * FWT,). 
itD 

I FWT,, 
kD 



Where domain, D, is the set of all records that 

had an occupation code of truck driver with age 

being specified. 

3. Compute z = round (x/y). 
Estimates of median. — The estimates of median job, company, 
and mining experience were derived by (1) sorting over the domain 
the records in ascending order of the experience for which the 
median statistic was desired, (2) computing the total number of 
workers (NW) in the domain by summing the final weights, and 
(3) selecting the experience corresponding to the middle worker(s) 
in the ordering. That is, if NW is an odd number, then the median 
experience is the experience corresponding to the (NW/2 + l)th 
worker in the ordering; if NW is an even number, then the median 
experience is the midpoint (rounded to the nearest integer) of the 
experience corresponding to the (NW/2)th and (NW/2 + l)th 
worker in the ordering. As with the mean estimates, the median 
estimates also excluded those entries in the domain with unspecified 
experience. 




14 



APPENDIX D.— RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES: RANDOM GROUP VARIANCE TECHNIQUE 



The random group method of variance estimation employed 
in this study consisted of selecting eight samples using the same 
sampling scheme for each sample as the parent sample. The primary 
sampling units (establishments) were divided into two sets. The first 
set consisted of noncertainty (probability of selection less than 1 .00) 
primary sampling units sorted by their original industry-mine type- 
employment size class-status. A random integer, say j, between 1 
and 8 was generated. The first primary unit in the ordering was 
assigned to the random group j, the second to the random group 
j + 1, and so forth in a modulo 8 fashion. Then, the secondary 
sampling units (workers) were assigned the same random group 
number as the primary unit to which they belonged. The second 
set consisted of all secondary sampling units belonging to the cer- 
tainty (probability of selection equal to 1 .00) primary sampling units. 
The secondary sampling units were sorted by the same scheme as 
above, and a random integer, say k, between 1 and 8 was generated. 
Then, the first secondary unit in the ordering was assigned to the 
random group k, the second to the random group k + 1, and so 
forth in a modulo 8 fashion. Hence, each worker belonged to a 
random group. For a more detailed discussion of the random group 
technique, the reader is referred to reference 9 of the main text. 

The following procedure was followed in computing the 
estimated variance (var), standard error (s), and the coefficient of 



variation (CV) for the estimated number of workers belonging to 
a particular category. 

1. The domain (i.e., category) was defined. 

2. A separate estimate for total number of workers, 0^ for 
each of the eight random groups was computed. If any 
random group was empty, then a zero was assigned to that 
random group. 

3. Total number of workers, 0, for all eight groups was 
computed as A 

= 0, + 2 + . . . + 8 . 

4. The mean number of workers per group was computed as 

, i = 0/8. 

5. The variance for was computed as 

8 , 
var (0) = 8 I (0, - 0) 2 . 
i = l 7 

6. The standard error of was computed as 

s(0) = ^ var (0). 

7. The CV for was computed as 

CV(0) = s(fl) X 100.0. 





15 



APPENDIX E.— NONMETALLIC MINING 1986 WORKFORCE ESTIMATES 

Table E-1.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by employment size class 1 

Tl9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator. . 142 4 190 5 68 2 184 2 241 4 158 2 983 3 

Beltman-belt repairman 22 1 38 27 60 1 146 

Blaster 15 12 9 12 30 77 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator ...50 00 00 63 1 00 00 68 
Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator 265 7 114 3 149 3 299 3 109 2 156 2 1,092 3 

Driller-rock bolter 95 2 85 2 73 2 168 2 76 1 60 1 558 2 

Electrician-lampman 37 1 35 1 29 1 245 3 136 2 126 2 608 2 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 408 11 190 5 132 3 371 4 145 3 40 1 1,286 4 

Grader-scraper operator 89 2 95 2 158 4 19 361 1 

Laborer-miner-utility man 356 9 332 8 545 13 1,199 13 709 13 904 14 4,046 12 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 425 11 318 8 335 8 454 5 222 4 398 6 2,152 6 

Maintenance 27 1 52 1 49 1 174 2 145 3 90 1 537 2 

Working 78 2 175 4 183 4 426 5 264 5 392 6 1,519 5 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 253 7 574 14 715 16 1,520 17 1,194 22 1,673 25 5,929 18 

Mine technical support 133 3 271 7 329 8 883 10 521 9 862 13 3,000 9 

Office worker 321 8 264 7 197 5 659 7 381 7 534 8 2,356 7 

Plant operator-warehouseman 464 12 979 24 1,136 26 1,947 22 1,253 23 962 15 6,742 20 

Shuttle car-tram operator 15 33 1 65 1 120 1 42 1 120 2 394 1 

Stonecutter-finisher 15 00 00 00 00 00 15 

Truck driver 681 18 320 8 188 4 266 3 51 1 58 1 1 ,565 5 

Total ' 3,825 100 4,062 TOO 4,360 100 9,049 100 5,514 100 6,625 100 33,434 100 

1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-2.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by employment size class 2 

~ ' " '. " 1^19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 

Equipment operated grouping 2 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 157 4 190 5 68 2 205 2 168 3 98 2 887 3 

Belt 5 22 1 43 1 27 1 60 1 157 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 255 7 128 3 162 4 233 3 109 2 216 4 1,102 4 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 5 38 1 5 111 1 56 1 60 1 275 1 

Drill (surface) 80 2 48 1 68 2 86 1 32 1 313 1 

Explosives 15 12 9 12 30 77 

Front-end loader-forklift 539 15 318 8 230 6 563 7 145 3 120 2 1,915 6 

Grader-scraper 116 3 136 4 172 4 83 1 506 2 

Handtools (powered and nenpowered) .. . 289 8 585 15 778 19 1,803 21 1,290 25 1,819 30 6,564 21 

Hoist-elevator 25 1 5 60 1 47 1 28 1 38 1 203 1 

Many equipment 110 3 11 109 3 70 1 540 9 840 3 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 168 5 230 6 165 4 549 7 595 12 208 3 1,915 6 

Plant equipment 452 13 717 19 876 21 1,547 18 1,061 21 652 11 5,304 17 

Pump 11 9 91 1 48 1 20 179 1 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 67 2 143 4 185 4 497 6 287 6 328 5 1,506 5 

Shuttle car-locomotive 15 38 1 36 1 178 2 62 1 60 1 389 1 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 15 15 

Truck (haulage) 686 20 320 8 188 5 266 3 51 1 58 1 1,570 5 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 25 1 34 1 221 3 84 2 240 4 604 2 

Welding machine-lathe 22 1 34 1 181 2 126 2 80 1 443 1 

None 443 13 694 18 980 24 1,512 18 825 16 1,383 23 5,837 19 

Not elsewhere classified 17 9 39 60 1 20 145 

Unspecified 16 101 3 24 1 52 1 81 2 60 1 333 1 

Total 3,504 100 3,798 100 4,163 100 8,389 100 5,133 100 6,091 100 31,078 100 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
3 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



16 



Table E-3.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: work location at mine, by employment size class 1 

... , . " Vl9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 

Work location — — - — — — 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Underground mine 165 4 138 3 220 5 1,119 12 742 13 1,260 19 3,643 11 

Surface at underground mine 30 1 15 65 1 411 5 392 7 870 13 1,783 5 

Surface mine 2,275 59 1,483 37 1,583 36 2,087 23 1,538 28 2,242 34 11,208 34 

Plant or mill 962 25 2,073 51 2,187 50 4,504 50 2,317 42 1,591 24 13,634 41 

Office 393 10 354 9 304 7 929 10 525 10 662 10 3,167 9 

Total 3,825 100 4,062 100 4,360 100 9,049 100 5,514 100 6,625 100 33,434 100 

'MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-4.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 2 

~ ! Tl9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ total 

Experience vr 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

At present job: 

0< to <1 639 18 561 15 715 17 1,706 20 344 7 935 15 4,900 16 

1<to<2 418 12 540 14 663 16 1,059 13 400 8 601 10 3,681 12 

2< to <3 342 10 314 8 297 7 651 8 298 6 240 4 2,142 7 

3< to <5 441 13 446 12 392 9 1.127 13 730 14 576 9 3,711 12 

5<to<10 764 22 715 19 1,083 26 1,923 23 1,666 32 2,045 34 8,197 26 

10< to <20 526 15 509 13 625 15 1,150 14 899 18 1,544 25 5,253 17 

20< 215 6 125 3 82 2 153 2 116 2 150 2 841 3 

Unspecified 159 5 586 15 308 7 620 7 680 13 2,353 8 

Total 3,504 100 3,798 T55 4,163 100 8,389 100 5,133 100 6,091 100 31,078 100 

Median yr. . 5 NAp 4 NAp 5 NAp 4 NAp 6 NAp 7 NAp 5 NAp 

At present company: 

0<tO«1 465 13 285 8 392 9 917 11 102 2 214 4 2,375 8 

1<t0«5 1,175 34 1,003 26 1,183 28 1,719 20 871 17 652 11 6,604 21 

5<to«10 814 23 931 25 1,202 29 2,435 29 1.397 27 1,911 31 8.691 28 

10< to <15 443 13 635 17 764 18 1,371 16 964 19 1,930 32 6.108 20 

15<to<20 210 6 393 10 302 7 955 11 686 13 426 7 2,972 10 

20< to <25 147 4 284 7 91 2 461 5 539 10 470 8 1,992 6 

25< to <30 109 3 131 3 66 2 276 3 216 4 116 2 914 3 

30< 121 3 130 3 163 4 245 3 358 7 370 6 1 .387 4 

Unspecified 20 1 50 00 10 00 00 35 

Total 3,504 TOO 3,798 100 4,163 100 8.389 100 5.133 100 6.091 100 31 .078 100 

Median yr. . 6 NAp 6 NAp 7 NAp 8 NAp 12 NAp 11 NAp 9 NAp 

Total mining: 

0< to <1 304 9" 219 6 224 5 437 5 88 2 154 3 1.426 5 

1< to <5 797 23 666 18 646 16 1,466 17 563 11 546 9 4.684 15 

5<tO«10 723 21 769 20 1,084 26 2,212 26 1,097 21 1.620 27 7.505 24 

10<to<15 456 13 581 15 662 16 1,331 16 992 19 1.690 28 5.713 18 

15<to<20 227 6 368 10 273 7 941 11 642 13 494 8 2.945 9 

20<to<25 123 3 185 5 112 3 457 5 467 9 380 6 1.723 6 

25< to <30 110 3 164 4 55 1 236 3 204 4 116 2 884 3 

30< 161 5 184 5 135 3 252 3 322 6 370 6 1.424 5 

Unspecified 603 17 662 17 973 23 1.059 13 757 15 720 12 4.774 15 

Total 3,504 100 3,798 Too 4,163 100 8.389 TOO 5,133 TOO 6,091 T56 31.078 100 

Median yr. . 8 NAp 10 NAp 8 NAp 9 NAp 13 NAp 11 NAp 10 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment: hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



17 



Table E-5.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 training received, by employment size class 2 

1^19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 ~ 500+ Total 

o training or ast yr, workers pcT Workers pcT Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

318 9 346 9 587 14 323 4 34 1 570 9 2,178 7 

1-8 171 5 150 4 66 2 313 4 284 6 380 6 1,363 4 

9-15 176 5 77 2 51 1 76 1 381 1 

16 406 12 560 15 998 24 2,713 32 886 17 1,570 26 7,132 23 

17-40 621 18 833 22 1,097 26 2,074 25 680 13 380 6 5,685 18 

41-80 500 14 443 12 446 11 1,049 13 1,032 20 140 2 3,609 12 

81-160 239 7 151 4 34 1 367 4 474 9 1 ,265 4 

161 + 137 4 100 3 17 205 2 61 1 411 7 931 3 

Unspecified 936 27 1,215 32 841 20 1,294 15 1,606 31 2,640 43 8,532 27 

Total 3,504 100 3,798 100 4,163 100 8,389 100 5,133 100 6,091 100 31,078 100 

Mean job training h . 50 NAp 50 NAp 28 NAp 39 NAp 45 NAp 60 NAp 44 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-6.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age distribution, by employment size class 2 

" VI9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 

Aq© vr 

~_ Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

15-20 82 2 24 1 44 1 89 1 14 100 2 353 1 

21-23 203 6 116 3 284 7 353 4 50 1 156 3 1,162 4 

24-26 256 7 323 9 329 8 744 9 264 5 484 8 2,400 8 

27-29 379 11 355 9 389 9 1,011 12 539 10 464 8 3,137 10 

30-34 580 17 552 15 773 19 1,524 18 927 18 1,069 18 5,424 17 

35-39 391 11 508 13 597 14 1,144 14 952 19 1,289 21 4,881 16 

40-49 663 19 940 25 899 22 1,791 21 1,210 24 1,423 23 6,926 22 

50+ 825 24 980 26 848 20 1,696 20 1,178 23 1,106 18 6,632 21 

Unspecified 124 4 37 162 1 

Total 3,504 100 3,798 100 4,163 100 8,389 100 5,133 100 6,091 100 31,078 100 

Mean age yr . . 39 NAp 41 NAp 39 NAp 38 NAp 40 NAp 39 NAp 39 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-7.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 sex, race, and education, by employment size class 2 

1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Sex* 

Male 3,401 97 3,757 99 3,928 94 7,934 95 4,980 97 5,873 96 29,873 96 

Female 56 2 31 1 164 4 438 5 153 3 218 4 1,061 3 

Unspecified 46 1 10 70 2 17 143 

Total 3,504 100 3,798 100 4,163 100 8,389 100 5,133 100 6,091 100 31,078 100 

White 2,864 82 3,015 79 3,201 77 6,462 77 3,241 63 4,544 75 23,327 75 

Black 242 7 567 15 793 19 972 12 1,513 29 670 11 4,758 15 

Hispanic 327 9 198 5 126 3 711 8 259 5 819 13 2,439 8 

Other 45 1 15 18 221 3 80 2 20 399 1 

Unspecified 25 1 3 25 1 23 40 1 38 1 154 

Total 3,504 100 3,798 100 4,163 100 8,389 100 5,133 100 6,091 100 31,078 100 

Education level; 

Some elementary 305 9 318 8 490 12 534 6 294 6 228 4 2,168 7 

Some high school 726 21 630 17 713 17 1,067 13 1,158 23 861 14 5,155 17 

High school diploma 1,692 48 1,724 45 1,663 40 4,335 52 2,280 44 2,958 49 14,652 47 

Vocational diploma 226 6 308 8 390 9 618 7 601 12 420 7 2,563 8 

Some college 185 5 227 6 289 7 779 9 497 10 521 9 2,497 8 

College degree 170 5 204 5 220 5 376 4 302 6 324 5 1,596 5 

Unspecified 199 6 387 10 399 10 680 8 780 13 2,445 8 

Total 3,504 100 3,798 100 4,163 100 8,389 100 5,133 100 6,091 100 31,078 100 

Nap Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals? shown. 



18 



Table E-8.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by principal equipment operated 1 , number of workers 



Job title grouping 2 



Backhoe 
crane 

dragline 
shovel 



Belt 



Dozer 
heavy 
and 
mobile 
equip- 
ment 



Drill 
(under- 
ground) 
rock 
bolter 



Drill 
(surface) 



Explo- 
sives 



Front-end 
loader 
forklift 



Grader 
scraper 



Handtools 
(powered 

and 

non- 
powered) 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 851 

Beltman-belt repairman 

Blaster 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 16 

Driller-rock bolter 

Electrician-lampman 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 

Grader-scraper operator 

Laborer-miner-utility man 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 5 

Maintenance 

Working 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 

Mine technical support 15 

Office worker 

Plant operator-warehouseman 

Shuttle car-tram operator 

Stone cutter-finisher 

Truck driver 

Total 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator ... 

Beltman-belt repairman 

Blaster 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 

Driller-rock bolter 

Electrician-lampman 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 

Grader-scraper operator 

Laborer-miner-utility man 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 

Maintenance 

Working 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 

Mine technical support 

Office worker 

Plant operator-warehouseman 

Shuttle car-tram operator 

Stone cutter-finisher 

Truck driver 

Total 203 

See explanatory notes at end of table. 




146 







5 







6 






60 



828 


5 


91 

37 



6 


75 











234 



41 



















295 









18 










77 





























85 





1,281 



173 

48 


63 



264 











124 




361 
15 



6 










40 






608 



279 





41 

5,479 

116 













887 


157 


1,102 


275 


313 


77 


1,915 


506 


5 56- 


Hoist 
elevator 


Many 
equip- 
ment 


Miscel- 
laneous 
utility 
equip- 
ment 


Plant 
equip- 
ment 


Pump 


Scale-lab 
equip- 
ment 

controls 


Shuttle 
car 
loco- 
motive 


Stone 
cutting 
finishing 
machine 


Truck 
(haulage) 








13 











20 







































































68 

















38 





























5 











































































































786 


1,902 


127 


50 





89 





5 





31 





22 















































5 





44 


























13 

















105 


6 











1.436 


























38 











0" 


7 





5.029 


129 


71 


5 








60 

















275 





























15 





























1,565 



840 



1,915 



5,304 



179 



1.544 



389 



15 



1.570 



19 



Table E-8.— Nonmetatlic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by principal equipment operated, 1 number of workers— Con. 



Job title grouping 2 



Truck (utility) 

personnel 

carrier 



Welding 
machine-lathe 



None 



Not elsewhere 
classified 



Unspecified 



Total 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 

Beltman-belt repairman 

Blaster 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 

Driller-rock bolter 

Electrician-lampman 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 

Grader-scraper operator 

Laborer-miner-utility man 184 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 160 

Maintenance 26 6 

Working 86 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 437 

Mine technical support 92 

Office worker 5 

Plant operator-warehouseman 57 

Shuttle car-tram operator 

Stone cutter-finisher 

Truck driver 

Total 609 443 

1 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding; data may not add to totals shown. 












983 











146 











77 











68 











1,092 


24 








558 











608 











1,286 











361 


237 


61 





4,046 


1,849 








2,152 


506 








537 


1,205 


6 


63 


1,519 











5,929 


1,182 


23 





3,000 


2,313 








2,356 


775 


54 


271 


6,742 


60 








394 











15 











1,565 



8,150 



145 



333 



33,434 



Table E-9.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by work location at mine, number of workers 



Job title grouping 1 



Underground 
mine 



Surface at 

underground 

mine 



Surface mine 



Plant or mill 



Office 



Total 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 18 

Beltman-belt repairman 20 

Blaster 47 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 6 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 5 6 

Driller-rock bolter 234 6 

Electrician-lampman 83 31 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 26 42 

Grader-scraper operator 

Laborer-miner-utility man 1 ,213 304 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 247 67 

Maintenance 118 27 

Working 233 93 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 845 800 

Mine technical support 119 187 

Office worker 

Plant operator-warehouseman 153 140 

Shuttle car-tram operator 247 14 

Stone cutter-finisher 

Truck driver 53 43 

Total ~ 3,643 1 ,783 

!As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



918 


48 





983 


79 


47 





146 


30 








77 


62 








68 


1,036 


45 





1,092 


318 








558 


246 


249 





608 


509 


709 





1,286 


361 








361 


1,233 


1,294 





4,046 


812 


930 


96 


2,152 


213 


174 


5 


537 


384 


797 


12 


1,519 


2,298 


1,986 





5,929 


696 


1,404 


594 


3,000 








2,356 


2,356 


552 


5,794 


104 


6,742 


60 


73 





394 





15 





15 


1,400 


69 





1,565 



1 1 ,208 



13,634 



3,167 



33,434 



20 



Table E-10.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at job 



Job title groupingi to^l to<2 tp 2 <3 to 3 <5 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 78 202 46 95 

Beltman-belt repairman 85 6 11 

Blaster 8 30 11 5 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 12 38 5 6 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 93 140 34 94 

Driller-rock bolter 83 66 50 119 

Electrician-lampman 93 64 28 31 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 192 218 122 182 

Grader-scraper operator 28 53 13 68 

Laborer-miner-utility man 1 ,175 493 376 476 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 126 215 103 219 

Maintenance 24 22 68 91 

Working 205 153 150 128 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 556 563 251 722 

Mine technical support 508 369 288 378 

Office worker 342 297 322 376 

Plant operator-warehouseman 1 ,272 839 464 836 

Shuttle car-tram operator 83 15 8 89 

Stone cutter-finisher 10 

Truck driver 279 203 119 153 

Total ~5,241 3,978 2,464 4,087 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



5< 

to <10 



10< 
to <20 



20< 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Median, 



263 


108 


35 


157 


983 


5 


14 


6 





24 


146 


1 


11 


13 








77 


3 


6 











68 


2 


291 


294 


44 


102 


1,092 


8 


97 


103 


5 


34 


558 


5 


227 


147 


5 


13 


608 


7 


253 


167 


62 


91 


1,286 


4 


89 


75 


5 


32 


361 


6 


950 


391 


39 


147 


4,046 


3 


532 


578 


198 


181 


2,152 


8 


119 


150 


7 


56 


537 


6 


373 


361 


40 


110 


1,519 


6 


2,047 


1,194 


150 


444 


5,929 


7 


667 


507 


106 


177 


3,000 


5 


532 


236 


104 


149 


2,356 


4 


1,643 


890 


68 


732 


6,742 


4 


140 


61 








394 


6 


5 











15 


5 


470 


211 


78 


53 


1,565 


6 



8,729 



5,489 



945 



2,502 



33,434 



Table E-11.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at company 



J°° title grouping* to^l to<5 toOO to ^5 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 27 203 196 170 

Beltman-belt repairman 25 78 6 

Blaster 3 14 35 8 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 37 25 6 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 39 198 249 382 

Driller-rock bolter 40 150 132 159 

Electrician-lampman 20 104 153 169 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 75 274 366 180 

Grader-scraper operator 10 77 105 100 

Laborer-miner-utility man 652 1,120 1,301 557 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 71 259 450 332 

Maintenance 14 - 1 15 110 70 

Working 26 180 311 443 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 355 1,012 1,698 1,526 

Mine technical support 222 814 842 474 

Office worker 165 577 747 489 

Plant operator-warehouseman 520 1,633 2,068 1,182 

Shuttle car-tram operator 56 22 168 101 

Stone cutter-finisher 10 5 

Truck driver 245 359 399 244 

Total 2,540 7,181 9,438 6,597 

'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



15< 

to <20 



20< 
to <25 



25< 

to «S30 



30< 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Median, 

yr 



114 


154 


76 


43 





983 


13 


32 








6 





146 


7 


13 


6 











77 


8 

















68 


5 


122 


34 


19 


49 





1.092 


11 


72 








5 





558 


8 


96 


24 


11 


30 





608 


11 


184 


72 


100 


36 





1,286 


9 


50 


19 











361 


10 


207 


96 


66 


32 


15 


4,046 


7 


308 


303 


87 


333 


10 


2,152 


14 


63 


139 


17 


9 





537 


12 


212 


123 


51 


174 





1,519 


13 


683 


318 


188 


149 





5,929 


10 


184 


153 


95 


210 


5 


3.000 


8 


135 


107 


59 


67 


11 


2,356 


8 


474 


440 


168 


252 


5 


6,742 


8 


33 


13 





3 





394 


9 

















15 


5 


126 


100 


35 


57 





1,565 


8 



3.107 2,099 



973 



1,454 



46 



33.434 



Table E-12.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of mining experience 



21 



J°b title groupingi to°<1 to<5 to<10 to OS tollo 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 9 136 194 177 128 

Beltman-belt repairman 13 90 6 32 

Blaster 3 14 35 8 6 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 32 25 6 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 16 125 252 346 115 

Driller-rock bolter 15 72 182 166 70 

Electrician-lampman 8 84 125 175 87 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 46 220 317 183 183 

Grader-scraper operator 5 62 79 76 32 

Laborer-miner-utility man 467 907 1 ,037 483 199 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 12 125 253 340 382 

Maintenance 83 69 49 66 

Working 13 122 231 375 190 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 165 768 1,404 1,455 688 

Mine technical support 176 627 810 429 172 

Office worker 139 389 544 447 109 

Plant operator-warehouseman 314 1,052 1,780 1,078 437 

Shuttle car-tram operator 10 198 129 33 

Stone cutter-finisher 

Truck driver 178 236 424 233 124 

Total ~565 5,072 8,049 6,160 3,053 

NS Not significant. 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



20< 

to «25 



25< 

to <30 



30< 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Median, 



126 


90 


64 


60 


983 


14 








6 





146 


7 


13 











77 


8 











5 


68 


5 


46 


17 


49 


126 


1,092 


12 


7 





5 


40 


558 


10 


30 


11 


30 


57 


608 


11 


38 


76 


53 


170 


1,286 


10 


22 








86 


361 


10 


81 


54 


58 


760 


4,046 


7 


262 


107 


310 


361 


2,152 


18 


103 


17 


16 


134 


537 


16 


116 


45 


144 


284 


1,519 


13 


290 


185 


164 


811 


5,929 


11 


140 


88 


202 


357 


3,000 


8 


110 


45 


104 


470 


2,356 


9 


360 


143 


252 


1,326 


6,742 


9 


18 


5 


3 





394 


10 











15 


15 


NS 


71 


48 


68 


182 


1,565 


8 



1 ,833 929 



1,528 



5,245 33,434 



10 



Table E-1 3. —Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by hours of training received in last 2 years 



Job title grouping 1 



1-8 



9-15 



16 



17-40 41-80 81-160 161 + 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Mean, 
hr 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 51 22 180 

Beltman-belt repairman 13 25 

Blaster 30 32 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 68 6 21 326 

Driller-rock bolter 76 10 112 

Electrician-lampman 36 5 289 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 128 39 11 257 

Grader-scraper operator 24 12 5 191 

Laborer-miner-utility man 235 160 31 1 ,097 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 217 47 57 387 

Maintenance 14 6 6 106 

Working 143 54 404 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 216 374 79 1,524 

Mine technical support 238 208 13 453 

Office worker 356 182 50 303 

Plant operator-warehouseman 440 336 95 1 ,272 

Shuttle car-tram operator 120 58 

Stone cutter-finisher 

Truck driver 131 90 59 420 

Total ~2,534 1 ,545 431 7,435 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



61 


147 


82 


28 


414 


983 


60 





14 








95 


146 


21 


10 





5 








77 


20 


6 


44 








18 


68 


42 


132 


211 


35 


48 


245 


1,092 


57 


114 


112 


53 


11 


69 


558 


53 


102 


51 


12 





112 


608 


23 


426 


111 


44 


23 


250 


1,286 


33 


48 


14 








69 


361 


18 


705 


355 


202 


177 


1,083 


4,046 


47 


351 


298 


56 


17 


723 


2,152 


33 


62 


92 


35 


14 


202 


537 


54 


387 


137 


46 


19 


329 


1,519 


33 


996 


754 


279 


203 


1,504 


5,929 


51 


570 


185 


137 


119 


1,076 


3,000 


52 


281 


223 


30 


63 


870 


2,356 


40 


1,402 


843 


204 


219 


1,932 


6,742 


41 


32 


105 


15 


5 


60 


394 


36 


15 














15 


40 


267 


136 


61 


49 


352 


1,565 


41 



5,966 



3,831 



1,295 



994 



9,402 33,434 



44 



22 



Table E-14.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of age 



Job title grouping 1 



15-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 



50- 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Mean, 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 18 108 84 

Beltman-belt repairman 13 

Blaster 14 8 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 13 6 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 15 29 172 

Driller-rock bolter 10 23 90 

Electrician-lampman 12 8 28 

Front-end loader-torklift operator 26 60 110 117 

Grader-scraper operator 14 20 33 

Laborer-miner-utility man 160 269 523 626 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 10 17 90 

Maintenance 6 

Working 23 74 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 5 119 396 626 

Mine technical support 36 141 267 224 

Office worker 19 29 99 323 

Plant operator-warehouseman 112 383 719 810 

Shuttle car-tram operator 20 12 

Stone cutter-finisher 5 5 5 

Truck driver 15 80 106 139 

Total 373 1,190 2,499 3,460 

'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



84 


175 


204 


310 





983 


42 


78 


19 


31 


6 





146 


36 





6 


12 


38 





77 


44 


38 


6 








5 


68 


30 


162 


214 


272 


228 





1,092 


40 


116 


130 


141 


47 





558 


37 


128 


181 


99 


152 





608 


41 


253 


142 


239 


327 


12 


1,286 


40 


73 


61 


84 


59 


17 


361 


39 


788 


580 


660 


435 


5 


4,046 


35 


190 


296 


748 


754 


47 


2,152 


45 


32 


62 


256 


180 





537 


46 


232 


200 


602 


388 





1,519 


43 


1,288 


1,041 


1,208 


1,240 


7 


5,929 


39 


575 


461 


567 


722 


5 


3,000 


39 


438 


473 


514 


456 


5 


2,356 


39 


1,038 


1,031 


1,342 


1,293 


14 


6,742 


38 


107 


109 


76 


66 


5 


394 


39 

















15 


25 


242 


166 


385 


386 


45 


1,565 


40 



5,862 5,354 7,441 7,088 



167 



33,434 



39 



Table E-1 5.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by sex 



Male Female 

Job title grouping' —rr. — ; : —rr. — ; 

M K M Workers pet Workers 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 983 3 

Beltman-belt repairman 146 

Blaster 77 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 68 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 1,075 3 

Driller-rock bolter 552 2 6 

Electrician-lampman 608 2 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 1,247 4 40 

Grader-scraper operator 355 1 

Laborer-miner-utility man 3,848 12 181 

Manager-foreman-supervisor 

General 2,125 7 

Maintenance 537 2 

Working 1 ,501 5 7 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 5,855 19 62 

Mine technical support 2,710 9 290 

Office worker 1 ,093 4 1 ,250 

Plant operator-warehouseman 6,309 20 408 

Shuttle car-tram operator 343 1 46 

Stone cutter-finisher 15 

Truck driver 1,519 5 22 

Total 30,966 100 2.311 

'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Unspecified 



Total 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 










2 

8 







3 

13 

54 

18 

2 



1 








17 



6 

17 

28 


12 
12 


14 
25 

5 


23 








11 




4 
11 

18 

7 
7 

9 

16 
3 


15 



100 



157 



100 



983 

146 

77 

68 

1,092 
558 
608 

1,286 
361 

4,046 

2.152 

537 

1.519 

5,929 

3.000 

2.356 

6.742 

394 

15 

1.565 



33.434 



3 



3 
2 
2 
4 
1 
12 

6 
2 
5 

18 
9 
7 

20 
1 

5 



100 



Table E-16.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by race 



23 



White Black 
Job title grouping' Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 776 3 124 3 

Beltman-belt repairman 63 83 2 

Blaster 41 6 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 56 12 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 838 3 175 4 

Driller-rock bolter 428 2 70 1 

Electrician-lampman 537 2 34 1 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 822 3 271 6 

Grader-scraper operator 274 1 41 1 

Laborer-miner-utility man 2,772 11 691 14 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 1 ,862 7 208 4 

Maintenance 504 2 12 

Working 1,186 5 155 3 

Mechanic-welder-oiler- machinist 4,799 19 700 14 

Mine technical support 2,464 10 349 7 

Office worker 2,148 8 95 2 

Plant operator-warehouseman 4,450 17 1 ,554 32 

Shuttle car-tram operator 259 1 80 2 

Stone cutter-finisher 

Truck driver 1,196 5 195 4 

Total 25,475 TOO 4,854 100 2,488 

'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Hispanic 




Other 




Unspecified 
Workers pet 


Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


65 


3 


19 


4 








983 


3 




















146 





30 


1 














77 























68 





55 


2 


18 


4 


6 


3 


1,092 


3 


60 


2 














558 


2 


37 


2 














608 


2 


187 


8 


6 


1 








1,286 


4 


34 


1 


13 


3 








361 


1 


450 


18 


106 


24 


27 


16 


4,046 


12 


46 


2 


21 


5 


16 


9 


2,152 


6 


14 


1 


6 


1 








537 


2 


164 


7 


14 


3 








1,519 


5 


353 


14 


43 


10 


33 


19 


5,929 


18 


125 


5 


50 


11 


12 


7 


3,000 


9 


49 


2 


43 


10 


21 


12 


2,356 


7 


674 


27 


50 


11 


14 


8 


6,742 


20 


51 


2 








5 


3 


394 


1 


15 


1 














15 





80 


3 


53 


12 


41 


23 


1,565 


5 



100 



442 



100 



175 



100 33,434 



100 



Table E-1 7.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by education 



Some Some high High school Vocational 

Job title grouping' elementary school diploma diploma 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 

operator 35 4 360 37 489 50 42 4 

Beltman-belt repairman 11 8 60 41 75 51 

Blaster 30 39 12 15 30 39 5 6 

Deckhand-barge and dredge 

operator 5 7 63 93 

Dozer-heavy and mobile 

equipment operator 77 7 187 17 582 53 85 8 

Driller-rock bolter 35 6 194 35 239 43 46 8 

Electrician-lampman 6 1 30 5 261 43 194 32 

Front-end loader-forklift 

operator 154 12 305 24 505 39 73 6 

Grader-scraper operator 30 8 56 16 206 57 9 2 

Laborer-miner-utility man 347 9 751 19 2,006 50 134 3 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 60 3 185 9 980 46 163 8 

Maintenance 12 2 30 6 282 53 89 17 

Workinq 71 5 263 17 730 48 115 8 

Mechanic-welder-oiler- 
machinist 263 4 879 15 3,026 51 847 14 

Mine technical support 160 5 302 10 863 29 163 5 

Office worker 52 2 789 33 164 7 

Plant operator-warehouseman . 647 10 1,096 16 3,325 49 536 8 

Shuttle car-tram operator 14 3 121 31 172 44 22 6 

Stone cutter-finisher 15 100 

Truck driver 202 13 320 20 818 52 42 3 

Total 2,168 6 5,208 16 15,441 46 2,727 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Some 
college 




College 
degree 


I 


Unspecified 


Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


28 


3 








30 


3 


983 


3 




















146 























77 























68 





119 


11 








41 


4 


1,092 


3 


30 


5 


14 


3 








558 


2 


96 


16 


6 


1 


15 


2 


608 


2 


50 


4 


13 


1 


186 


14 


1,286 


4 


14 


4 








48 


13 


361 


1 


288 


7 


36 


1 


485 


12 


4,046 


12 


235 


11 


443 


21 


86 


4 


2,152 


6 


32 


6 


25 


5 


68 


13 


537 


2 


135 


9 


75 


5 


130 


9 


1,519 


5 


371 


6 


89 


2 


453 


8 


5,929 


18 


554 


18 


835 


28 


123 


4 


3,000 


9 


492 


21 


775 


33 


85 


4 


2,356 


7 


413 


6 


61 


1 


665 


10 


6,742 


20 


66 


17 














394 


1 




















15 





67 


4 








116 


7 


1,565 


5 



8 2,989 



2,371 



2,530 



8 33,434 100 



24 



Table E-18.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 

Equipment operated grouping* {Q % ^ ^ J*. {o % Q ^ 20< ^f- Tota| Median, 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 93 147 46 100 214 108 35 145 887 5 

Belt 90 6 11 14 11 24 157 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment ... . 132 176 40 120 289 241 39 67 1,102 7 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 38 36 51 86 53 12 275 4 

Drill (surface) 45 25 11 40 62 109 5 16 313 8 

Explosives 8 30 11 5 11 13 77 3 

Front-end loader-forklift 346 293 173 250 411 236 73 133 1,915 4 

Grader-scraper 55 66 26 91 115 111 10 32 506 5 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 704 671 299 780 2,228 1 ,265 1 50 466 6,564 7 

Hoist-elevator 11 14 25 59 74 15 5 203 9 

Many equipment 52 59 82 123 324 185 11 6 840 7 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 623 293 174 203 392 93 16 122 1,915 2 

Plant equipment 964 737 387 634 1,224 659 82 618 5,304 4 

Pump 13 32 41 69 24 179 6 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 270 195 193 166 229 252 63 139 1,506 4 

Shuttle car-locomotive 106 34 8 45 135 56 6 389 6 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 10 5 15 5 

Truck (haulage) 279 203 119 158 470 211 78 53 1,570 6 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 111 65 85 40 183 34 67 19 604 5 

Welding machine-lathe 55 6 12 38 113 172 31 16 443 10 

None 729 587 341 729 1 ,506 1 ,341 147 457 5.837 6 

Not elsewhere classified 26 15 21 17 29 12 25 145 3 

Unspecified 151 13 44 64 35 14 13 333 2 

Total 4,900 3,681 2,142 3,711 8,197 5,253 841 2,353 31,078 5 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-1 9. —Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 years 



Equipment operated grouping 2 



1-8 



9-15 



16 



17-40 



41-80 81-160 



161 - 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Mean, 
h 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 51 22 150 

Belt 13 5 31 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment .... 57 13 21 303 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 60 76 

Drill (surface) 16 10 71 

Explosives 30 32 

Front-end loader-forklift 222 89 22 387 

Grader-scraper 29 12 5 234 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 285 369 79 1 ,850 

Hoist-elevator 60 84 

Many equipment 294 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 64 119 14 366 

Plant equipment 243 278 72 1 ,020 

Pump 71 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 85 149 14 249 

Shuttle car-locomotive 60 116 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 

Truck (haulage) 131 90 59 420 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 60 18 5 132 

Welding machine-lathe 17 5 6 85 

None 653 180 79 1 ,095 

Not elsewhere classified 6 6 39 

Unspecified 42 28 

Total 2,178 1,363 381 7,132 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



75 


127 


88 


28 


346 


887 


62 





14 








95 


157 


19 


122 


152 


34 


86 


316 


1.102 


82 


57 


30 


33 


5 


14 


275 


50 


70 


88 


14 


6 


38 


313 


47 


10 





5 








77 


20 


574 


150 


65 


54 


353 


1.915 


36 


58 


66 








102 


506 


22 


1,162 


756 


241 


190 


1,631 


6.564 


45 


17 





33 


5 


5 


203 


31 


135 


60 





5 


346 


840 


29 


357 


225 


115 


88 


566 


1.915 


49 


1,166 


757 


164 


181 


1,423 


5.304 


45 


61 


26 


14 





6 


179 


31 


304 


101 


20 


61 


524 


1.506 


51 


32 


135 


15 


5 


26 


389 


40 


15 














15 


40 


267 


136 


61 


49 


357 


1.570 


41 


64 


70 


33 





222 


604 


33 


75 


90 


78 





87 


443 


48 


965 


542 


237 


135 


1,950 


5.837 


38 


27 


32 








34 


145 


30 


73 


53 


14 


32 


92 


333 


68 



5.685 



3.609 



1.265 



931 



8.532 



31 .078 



25 



Table E-20— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by years of age 



Equipment operated grouping 2 



15-20 



21-23 



24-26 



27-29 



30-34 



35-39 



40-49 



50+ Unspeci- Tota , 
tied 



Mean, 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 18 53 78 

Belt 13 5 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment .... 34 91 209 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 11 52 

Drill (surface) 10 5 45 

Explosives 14 8 

Front-end loader-forklift 31 82 159 235 

Grader-scraper 15 20 46 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 5 114 439 692 

Hoist-elevator 3 5 

Many equipment 35 135 56 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 153 76 225 294 

Plant equipment 98 329 584 704 

Pump 6 54 57 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 16 135 114 134 

Shuttle car-locomotive 14 34 12 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 5 5 5 

Truck (haulage) 15 80 106 139 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 12 23 102 

Welding machine-lathe 20 34 21 

None 29 143 239 240 

Not elsewhere classified 6 6 20 

Unspecified 16 25 7 

Total 353 1,162 2,400 3,137 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



90 


160 


209 


278 





887 


42 


78 


19 


31 


11 





157 


37 


144 


199 


218 


202 


5 


1,102 


39 


79 


92 


30 


12 





275 


35 


45 


44 


106 


59 





313 


41 





6 


12 


38 





77 


44 


340 


216 


365 


480 


7 


1,915 


39 


106 


74 


141 


87 


17 


506 


40 


1,387 


1,250 


1,269 


1,402 


7 


6,564 


39 


41 


34 


55 


66 





203 


44 


222 


168 


164 


61 





840 


35 


377 


254 


301 


235 





1,915 


35 


802 


813 


1,023 


934 


19 


5,304 


37 


25 


12 


24 








179 


30 


232 


298 


331 


246 





1,506 


37 


96 


15 


94 


120 


5 


389 


41 

















15 


25 


242 


166 


385 


386 


50 


1,570 


40 


99 


68 


132 


168 





604 


40 


94 


63 


90 


122 





443 


40 


794 


909 


1,878 


1,554 


52 


5,837 


42 


42 


9 


26 


35 





145 


39 


90 


14 


45 


137 





333 


43 



5,424 



4,881 



6,926 



6,632 



162 



31,078 



39 



Table E-21.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by sex 



_ . „ Male Female 

Equipment operated grouping 2 — 

M y _ a K a Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 887 3 

Belt 157 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment .... 1 ,092 4 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 269 1 

Drill (surface) 313 1 

Explosives 77 

Front-end loader-forklift 1 ,846 6 

Grader-scraper 499 2 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 6,487 22 

Hoist-elevator 169 1 

Many equipment 805 3 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 1 ,771 6 

Plant equipment 5,010 17 

Pump 179 1 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 1,364 5 

Shuttle car-locomotive 372 1 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 15 

Truck (haulage) 1 ,524 5 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 561 2 

Welding machine-lathe 443 1 

None 5,568 19 

Not elsewhere classified 145 

Unspecified 321 1 

Total 29,873 100 1,061 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Unspecified 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 














887 


3 














157 


1 








11 


8 


1,102 


4 


6 


1 








275 


1 














313 


1 














77 





63 


6 


6 


4 


1,915 


6 








7 


5 


506 


2 


65 


6 


12 


8 


6,564 


21 


34 


3 








203 


1 


30 


3 


5 


3 


840 


3 


139 


13 


5 


3 


1,915 


6 


257 


24 


37 


25 


5,304 


17 














179 


1 


142 


13 








1,506 


5 


12 


1 


5 


3 


389 


1 














15 





22 


2 


23 


16 


1,570 


5 


37 


4 


6 


4 


604 


2 














443 


1 


241 


23 


28 


19 


5,837 


19 














145 





13 


1 








333 


1 



100 



143 



100 



31 ,078 



100 



26 



Table E-22. — Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by race 



White Black 

Equipment operated grouping 2 tt-. — ; tt; — : - 

^ r 3 3 Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 771 3 71 1 

Belt 74 83 2 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment .... 819 4 160 3 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 205 1 40 1 

Drill (surface) 248 1 36 1 

Explosives 41 6 

Front-end loader-forklift 1 ,304 6 364 8 

Grader-scraper 385 2 74 2 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 5,336 23 764 16 

Hoist-elevator 110 88 2 

Many equipment 578 2 57 1 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 1,230 5 396 8 

Plant equipment 3,371 14 1,280 27 

Pump 122 1 57 1 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 1,219 5 179 4 

Shuttle car-locomotive 293 1 29 1 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 

Truck (haulage) 1,201 5 195 4 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 509 2 64 1 

Welding machine-lathe 327 1 72 2 

None 4,905 21 623 13 

Not elsewhere classified 49 69 1 

Unspecified 231 1 54 1 

Total 23,327 100 4.758 100 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Hispanic 




Other 




Unspecified 
Workers pet 


Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


20 


1 


25 


6 








887 


3 




















157 


1 


107 


4 


11 


3 


6 


4 


1,102 


4 


30 


1 














275 


1 


30 


1 














313 


1 


30 


1 














77 





230 


9 


6 


2 


10 


6 


1,915 


6 


35 


1 


13 


3 








506 


2 


380 


16 


51 


13 


33 


21 


6,564 


21 


5 

















203 


1 


199 


8 








6 


4 


840 


3 


192 


8 


92 


23 


5 


3 


1,915 


6 


609 


25 


38 


9 


6 


4 


5,304 


17 




















179 


1 


80 


3 


28 


7 








1,506 


5 


56 


2 


6 


1 


5 


3 


389 


1 


15 


1 














15 





80 


3 


53 


13 


41 


27 


1.570 


5 


25 


1 








6 


4 


604 


2 


44 


2 














443 


1 


206 


8 


75 


19 


28 


18 


5,837 


19 


27 


1 














145 





40 


2 








9 


6 


333 


1 



2.439 



100 



399 



100 



154 



100 



31.078 



100 



Table E-23.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by education 

Some Some high High school Vocational Some College UnsDecified Total 

Equipment operated elementary school diploma diploma college degree 

grouping 2 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline- 
shovel 35 4 332 37 429 48 27 3 34 4 30 3 887 3 

Belt 11 7 60 38 86 55 157 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile 

equipment 84 8 118 11 686 62 74 7 115 10 9 1 17 2 1,102 4 

Drill (underground)-rock 

bolter 95 35 90 33 41 15 34 12 14 5 275 1 

Drill (surface) 47 15 99 32 149 47 5 2 14 4 313 1 

Explosives 30 39 12 15 30 39 5 6 77 

Front-end loader-forklift 236 12 439 23 755 39 127 7 95 5 13 1 249 13 1.915 6 

Grader-scraper 50 10 81 16 300 59 9 2 20 4 48 9 506 2 

Handtools (powered and 

nonpowered) 280 4 926 14 3.277 50 1.050 16 462 7 102 2 467 7 6.564 21 

Hoist-elevator 47 23 74 37 68 34 5 2 8 4 203 1 

Many equipment 36 4 99 12 312 37 73 9 11 1 309 37 840 3 

Miscellaneous utility 

equipment 137 7 423 22 995 52 33 2 173 9 16 1 138 7 1,915 6 

Plant equipment 413 8 861 16 2,824 53 359 7 330 6 43 1 475 9 5,304 17 

Pump 45 25 111 62 15 8 8 4 179 1 

Scale-lab equipment-controls. . 25 2 205 14 549 36 133 9 293 19 224 15 77 5 1.506 5 

Shuttle car-locomotive 17 4 112 29 166 43 22 6 72 18 389 1 

Stone cutting-finishing 

machine 15 100 15 

Truck (haulage) 202 13 325 21 818 52 42 3 67 4 116 7 1.570 5 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 9 1 104 17 291 48 35 6 119 20 34 6 12 2 604 2 

Welding machine-lathe 18 4 47 11 294 66 37 8 31 7 16 4 443 1 

None 311 5 641 11 2.239 38 453 8 633 11 1.131 19 429 7 5.837 19 

Not elsewhere classified 50 34 21 14 57 40 17 12 145 

Unspecified 117 35 36 11 125 38 20 6 6 2 30 9 333 1 

Total 2,168 7 5,155 17 14.652 47 2.563 8 2.497 8 1.596 5 2.445 8 31.078 100 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



27 



Table E-24.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job, company, and mining experience, by work location 

Underground mine Surface at Surface mine Plant or mill Office Total 

Experience, yr underground mine 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

At present job: 

0<tO«1 556 15 139 8 1,779 16 2,325 17 442 14 5,241 16 

1< to <2 352 10 202 11 1,410 13 1,635 12 379 12 3,978 12 

2<to«3 207 6 168 9 760 7 930 7 398 13 2,464 7 

3< to <5 568 16 273 15 1,108 10 1,622 12 515 16 4,087 12 

5<to«10 1,311 36 548 31 2,845 25 3,278 24 747 24 8,729 26 

10<tO<20 605 17 366 21 2,122 19 2,009 15 387 12 5,489 16 

20< 33 1 81 5 359 3 344 3 128 4 945 3 

Unspecified 12 5 823 7 1,489 11 172 5 2,502 7 

Total 3,643 100 1,783 100 11,208 100 13,634 100 3,167 100 33,434 100 

Median yr. . 6 NAp 7 NAp 6 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 

At present company: 

0<tO«1 308 8 107 6 807 7 1,062 8 256 8 2,540 8 

1< to «5 705 19 245 14 2,410 22 2,988 22 833 26 7,181 21 

5< to «10 1,201 33 438 25 2,927 26 3,972 29 901 28 9,438 28 

10<to«15 650 18 423 24 2,577 23 2,346 17 601 19 6,597 20 

15<to<20 427 12 78 4 993 9 1,432 11 177 6 3,107 9 

20< to <25 197 5 182 10 733 7 843 6 143 5 2,099 6 

25< to <30 51 1 35 2 310 3 491 4 86 3 973 3 

30< 105 3 274 15 431 4 485 4 160 5 1,454 4 

Unspecified 20 15 11 46 

Total 3,643 100 1,783 100 1 1 ,208 100 13,634 100 3,167 100 33,434 100 

Median yr . . 9 NAp 1 1 NAp 9 NAp 8 NAp 8 NAp 9 NAp 

Total mining: 

0<to«1 41 1" 14 1 550 5 770 6 191 6 1,565 5 

1< to <5 515 14 150 8 1,690 15 2,115 16 602 19 5,072 15 

5<to«10 1,036 28 158 9 2,699 24 3,477 26 679 21 8,049 24 

10<t0<15 616 17 350 20 2,499 22 2,107 15 587 19 6,160 18 

15<to«20 454 12 165 9 1,032 9 1,243 9 160 5 3,053 9 

20< to <25 132 4 189 11 649 6 708 5 154 5 1,833 5 

25< to <30 60 2 40 2 298 3 475 3 56 2 929 3 

30< 115 3 276 15 507 5 445 3 185 6 1,528 5 

Unspecified 673 18 440 25 1,284 11 2,293 17 554 18 5,245 16 

Total 3,643 100 1,783 TOO 11,208 10C) 13,634 100 3,167 100 33,434 'lOO 

Median yr. . 10 NAp 15 NAp 11 NAp 9 NAp 9 NAp 10 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-25.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: training received, by work location 



Job training for Underground mine und gg5% d a mine 

last 2 yr ' n Workers pet Workers pet 

450 12 44 2 

1-8 25 1 284 16 

9-15 20 1 

16 998 27 409 23 

17-40 578 16 191 11 

41-80 614 17 160 9 

81-160 177 5 192 11 

161+ 27 1 49 3 

Unspecified 754 21 454 25 

Total 3,643 100 1,783 100 

Mean training . . h . . 35 NAp 42 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown 



Surface mine 



Workers pet 



Plant or mill 



Workers pet 



Office 



Total 



Workers pet 



Workers pet 



592 

383 

148 

2,706 

1,457 

1,471 

403 

489 

3,557 



5 

3 

1 

24 

13 

13 

4 

4 

32 



957 

617 

191 

2,920 

3,300 

1,304 

431 

361 

3,554 



7 

5 

1 

21 

24 

10 

3 

3 

26 



490 

236 

72 

402 

440 

282 

93 

69 

1,083 



15 
7 
2 

13 

14 
9 
3 
2 

34 



1 1 ,208 
55 



100 
NAp 



13,634 100 
39 NAp 



3,167 100 
38 NAp 



2,534 
1,545 

431 
7,435 
5,966 
3,831 
1,295 

994 
9,402 



8 

5 

1 

22 

18 

11 

4 

3 

28 



33,434 100 
44 NAp 



28 



Table E-26.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: age distribution, by work location 

Underground mine ,„a^^^L-^ Surface mine Plant or mill Office 

A _ e yr 3 underground mine 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

15-20 19 1 53 271 2 29 1 

21-23 83 2 6 480 4 573 4 48 2 

24-26 297 8 106 6 750 7 1,194 9 152 5 

27-29 330 9 216 12 1,135 10 1,424 10 354 11 

30-34 708 19 311 17 2,070 18 2,234 16 539 17 

35-39 757 21 173 10 1,727 15 2,034 15 663 21 

40-49 830 23 354 20 2,486 22 3,129 23 641 20 

50+ 614 17 616 35 2,381 21 2,742 20 735 23 

Unspecified 5 124 1 32 5 

Total 3,643 100 1,783 100 1 1 ,208 100 13,634 100 3,167 100 

Mean age yr . . 38 NAp 42 NAp 39 NAp 39 NAp 40 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Total 



Workers pet 



373 
1,190 
2,499 
3,460 
5,862 
5,354 
7,441 
7,088 

167 



1 

4 

7 

10 

18 

16 

22 

21 





33,434 100 
39 NAp 



Table E-27.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: sex, race, and education, by work location 



Underground mine 

Workers pet 

Sex* 

Male 3,503 96 

Female 119 3 

Unspecified 21 1 

Total 3,643 100 

White 2,893 79 

Black 230 6 

Hispanic 436 12 

Other 48 1 

Unspecified 36 1 

Total 3,643 100 

Education level: 

Some elementary .... 175 5 

Some high school. .. . 614 17 

High school diploma. . 1,617 44 

Vocational diploma . . . 437 12 

Some college 225 6 

College degree 134 4 

Unspecified 442 1 2 

Total 3,643 100~ 



Surface at 
underground mine 



Workers 



pet 



Surface mine 
Workers pet 



Plant or mill 



Workers pet 



Office 



Workers pet 



Total 



Workers pet 



1,743 

40 





98 
2 




10,922 

237 

48 



97 
2 





13,045 

514 

75 



96 
4 
1 



1,753 

1,401 

14 



55 
44 





1,783 



100 



11,208 100 



13,634 100 



3,167 



100 



1,467 

203 

79 

14 

19 



82 

11 

4 

1 

1 



8,630 

1,463 

852 

193 

70 



77 

13 

8 

2 

1 



9.636 

2.843 

1,016 

122 

17 



71 

21 
7 
1 




2.849 

114 

105 

66 

33 



90 
4 
3 
2 
1 



1,783 



100 



11,208 100 



13.634 100 



3,167 



100 



88 
180 
781 
207 
137 
.85 
305 



5 
10 
44 
12 
8 
5 
17 



817 
2,088 
5,845 
702 
733 
371 
652 



7 
19 
52 
6 
7 
3 
6 



1.082 
2.253 
6,278 
1.181 
1,184 
624 
1.032 



17 
46 
9 
9 
5 
8 



7 

72 

921 

199 

711 

1,158 

99 





2 
29 

6 
22 
37 

3 



1,783 



100 



11.208 100 



13,634 100 



3.167 



100 



30.966 93 

2,311 7 

157 



33,434 100 



25,475 

4,854 

2,488 

442 

175 



2.168 
5,208 
15.441 
2.727 
2,989 
2,371 
2.530 



76 
15 

7 
1 
1 



33.434 100 



6 
16 
46 

8 

9 

7 
8 



33.434 100 



NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not equal to totals shown. 



29 



Table E-28.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by hours of training received 

Experience at ~ Q ~ 8 ~ ~ 6 ^ ^ 81-160 161+ Un # ?Pf ci - 

present job, yr tied 

0< to «1: 

Workers 369 298 69 703 1,158 576 221 355 1,149 

pet 8 6 1 14 24 12 5 7 23 

1< to <2: 

Workers 185 56 48 664 1,183 489 185 213 658 

pet 5 2 1 18 32 13 5 6 18 

2< to <3: 

Workers 160 64 24 505 452 245 200 37 455 

pet 7 3 1 24 21 11 9 2 21 

3< to «5: 

Workers 334 213 42 839 778 400 210 126 768 

pet 9 6 1 23 21 11 6 3 21 

5< to <10: 

Workers 655 297 76 2,725 1,240 1,057 256 126 1,766 

pet 8 4 1 33 15 13 3 2 22 

10< to <20: 

Workers 384 153 76 1,486 626 742 183 39 1,563 

pet 7 3 1 28 12 14 3 1 30 

20<: 

Workers 75 59 22 204 159 99 5 10 208 

pet 9 7 3 24 19 12 1 1 25 

Unspecified: 

Workers 17 222 25 6 88 5 25 1,964 

pet 1 9 1 4 1 83 

Total: 

Workers 2,178 1,363 381 7,132 5,685 3,609 1,265 931 8,532 

pet 7 4 1 23 18 12 4 3 27 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



in last 2 years 



Total 



Mean, 
h 



4,900 
100 


62 

NAp 


3,681 
100 


56 

NAp 


2,142 
100 


43 
NAp 


3,711 
100 


51 
NAp 


8,197 
100 


32 
NAp 


5,253 
100 


34 
NAp 


841 
100 


31 
NAp 


2,353 
100 


53 
NAp 


31 ,078 
100 


44 
NAp 



Table E-29.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by years of 

jr?JH T }? ?f I K fl 15-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ Un ,?f? C '" 

present job, yr fied 

0< to <1: 

Workers 172 578 781 770 1,020 598 641 314 26 

pet 4 12 16 16 21 12 13 6 1 

1< to <2: 

Workers 46 196 495 540 804 488 715 390 8 

pet 1 5 13 15 22 13 19 11 

2< to <3: 

Workers 30 196 239 274 349 277 426 331 20 

pet 1 9 11 13 16 13 20 15 1 

3< to <5: 

Workers 65 109 319 437 780 725 615 638 23 

pet 2 3 9 12 21 20 17 17 1 

5< to <10: 

Workers 19 433 884 1,609 1,641 1,776 1,787 49 

pet 5 11 20 20 22 22 1 

10< to <20: 

Workers 27 527 844 1,949 1,892 14 

pet 1 10 16 37 36 

20<: 

Workers 7 135 687 12 

pet 1 16 82 1 

Unspecified: 

Workers 40 64 133 207 337 301 668 592 10 

pet _2 3 6 S3 14 13 28 25 

Total: 

Workers 353 1,162 2,400 3,137 5,424 4,881 6,926 6,632 162 

pet 1 4 8 10 17 16 22 21 1 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



age 



Total 



Mean, 

yr 



4,900 
100 


32 
NAp 


3,681 
100 


35 
NAp 


2,142 
100 


36 

NAp 


3,711 
100 


38 

NAp 


8,197 
100 


40 
NAp 


5,253 
100 


46 
NAp 


841 
100 


55 

NAp 


2,353 
100 


41 
NAp 


31,078 
100 


39 

NAp 



30 



Table E-30.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 

_ . Male Female 

Experience at present job, yr — — ; — — ; 

Workers pet Workers pet 

0<to<1 4,638 16 243 23 

1< to <2 3,529 12 142 13 

2<to<3 2,021 7 110 10 

3<to«5 3,597 12 104 10 

5<to«10 7,911 26 282 27 

10<to<20 5,114 17 114 11 

20< 841 3 

Unspecified 2,223 7 66 6 

Total 29,873 100 lT061 100 

Median yr . . 6 NAp 4 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



experience at job, by sex 



Unspecified 


Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


18 


13 


4,900 


16 


10 


7 


3,681 


12 


10 


7 


2,142 


7 


10 


7 


3,711 


12 


5 


3 


8,197 


26 


26 


18 


5,253 


17 








841 


3 


64 


45 


2,353 


8 


143 


100 


31 ,078 


100 


5 


NAp 


5 


NAp 



Table E-31.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by race 



White Black Hispanic 

Experience at present job, yr Wprkers pc( ^^ pc , Wprkers 

0< to <1 3,690 16 624 13 453 

1< to <2 2,674 11 494 10 408 

2<to<3 1,718 7 295 6 102 

3<to<5 2,888 12 453 10 283 

5<to«10 6,108 26 1,159 24 804 

10<to«20 3,810 16 1,111 23 269 

20< 689 3 90 2 55 

Unspecified 1,750 8 532 11 66 

Total 23,327 100 4,758 100 2,439 

Median yr. . 5 NAp 6 NAp 5 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Other 



Unspecified 



Total 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



19 

17 

4 

12 

33 

11 

2 

3 



103 
75 
27 

78 
57 
47 

7 
6 



26 

19 

7 

19 

14 

12 

2 

1 



29 

31 



9 

69 

16 







19 

20 



6 

45 

10 







100 
NAp 



399 
3 



100 
NAp 



154 
6 



100 
NAp 



4.900 
3.681 
2.142 
3,711 
8,197 
5.253 
841 
2.353 



31.078 
5 



16 

12 

7 

12 

26 

17 

3 

8 



100 
NAp 



Table E-32.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by education 

Some Some high High school Vocational Some College Unspecified Total 

Experience at elementary school diploma diploma college degree 

present job, yr 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

0< to <1 184 8 763 15 2,453 17 366 14 609 24 252 16 271 11 4.900 16 

1< to <2 161 7 725 14 1,535 10 224 9 427 17 209 13 401 16 3,681 12 

2<to<3 150 7 384 7 1.110 8 130 5 157 6 115 7 97 4 2,142 

3< to <5 291 13 532 10 1,625 11 409 16 270 11 251 16 334 14 3.711 12 

5<to«10 613 28 1,235 24 3,833 26 731 29 624 25 482 30 679 28 8.197 26 

10< to <20 476 22 923 18 2,765 19 400 16 219 9 175 11 297 12 5.253 17 

20< 111 5 130 3 428 3 50 2 65 3 35 2 23 1 841 3 

Unspecified 184 8 462 9 903 6 255 10 127 5 78 5 344 14 2.353 8 

Total 2,168 100 5,155 100 14,652 100 2.563 100 2.497 100 1.596 100 2.445 100 31.078 100 

Median. . .yr. . 7 NAp 5 NAp 6 NAp 6 NAp 3 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



31 



Table E-33.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience 

Experience at ^g g . 15 16 17 . 40 
present company, yr 

0< to«1: 

Workers 132 188 91 213 443 

pet 6 8 4 9 19 

1< to «5: 

Workers 403 218 88 1,172 1,558 

pet 6 3 1 18 24 

5< to <10: 

Workers 638 352 49 2,387 1 ,568 

pet 7 4 1 27 18 

10< to«15: 

Workers 489 286 27 1 ,592 841 

pet 8 5 26 14 

15< to =£20: 

Workers 195 92 73 631 632 

pet 7 3 2 21 21 

20< to <S25: 

Workers 100 137 16 429 221 

pet 5 7 1 22 11 

25< to <30: 

Workers 28 16 23 279 217 

pet 3 2 2 30 24 

30<: 

Workers 194 75 15 429 206 

pet 14 5 1 31 15 

Unspecified: 

Workers 

pet 

Total: 

Workers 2,178 1,363 381 7,132 5,685 

pet 7 4 1 23 18 

NAp Not applicable. NS Not significant. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



at company, by hours of training received in last 2 years 



41-80 



81-160 



161 + 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Mean, 
h 



520 
22 


64 
3 


159 

7 


566 
24 


2,375 
100 


63 
NAp 


781 
12 


388 
6 


275 

4 


1,722 
26 


6,604 
100 


52 
NAp 


973 
11 


362 

4 


319 

4 


2,043 
24 


8,691 
100 


48 
NAp 


607 
10 


178 

3 


97 
2 


1,990 
33 


6,108 
100 


33 
NAp 


418 
14 


106 

4 


52 
2 


773 
26 


2,972 
100 


40 
NAp 


223 
11 


49 
2 


10 

1 


806 
40 


1,992 
100 


29 
NAp 


46 
5 


33 

4 






273 
30 


914 
100 


27 
NAp 


41 
3 


84 
6 


19 

1 


323 
23 


1,387 
100 


26 
NAp 














35 

100 


35 
100 


NS 

NAp 


3,609 
12 


1,265 
4 


931 
3 


8,532 
27 


31,078 
100 


44 
NAp 



Table E-34.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 

nm fi!?» e ^ot5, , 15 " 20 21 - 23 24 - 26 27 - 29 3 °- 34 

present company, yr 

0< to «1: 

Workers 169 426 355 286 298 

pet 7 18 15 12 13 

1< to <5: 

Workers 179 699 1 ,284 992 1 ,320 

pet 3 11 19 15 20 

5< to <10: 

Workers 37 756 1 ,659 2,225 

pet 9 19 26 

10< to«15: 

Workers 201 1 ,499 

pet 3 25 

15< to <20: 

Workers 82 

pet 3 

20< to <25: 

Workers 

pet 

25< to <30: 

Workers 

pet 

30<: 

Workers 

pet 

Unspecified: 

Workers 5 5 

pet 15 14 

Total: 

Workers 353 1,162 2,400 3,137 5,424 

pet 1 4 8 10 17 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



experience at company, by years of age 



35-39 



40-49 



50 + 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Mean, 



287 
12 


317 

13 


217 
9 


21 
1 


2,375 
100 


32 

NAp 


745 

11 


872 
13 


474 

7 


38 
1 


6,604 
100 


32 
NAp 


1,371 
16 


1,537 
18 


1,085 
12 


22 



8,691 
100 


36 
NAp 


1,623 
27 


1,613 
26 


1,167 
19 


5 



6,108 
100 


41 
NAp 


764 
26 


1,282 
43 


831 
28 


14 



2,972 
100 


45 
NAp 


92 
5 


1,008 
51 


874 
44 


19 
1 


1,992 
100 


49 
NAp 






293 
32 


593 
65 


28 
3 


914 
100 


53 
NAp 






6 



1,381 
100 






1,387 
100 


58 
NAp 










10 
28 


15 
42 


35 
100 


41 
NAp 


4,881 
16 


6,926 
22 


6,632 
21 


162 
1 


31,078 
100 


39 
100 



32 



Table E-35.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by sex 

Experience at Male Female Unspecified 

present company, yr Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers 

(K to <1 2,236 7 133 13 6 4 2,375 

1< to «5 6,241 21 312 29 52 36 6,604 

5<tO<10 8,332 28 319 30 40 28 8,691 

10<tO«15 5,803 19 284 27 21 15 6,108 

15< to <20 2,955 10 17 12 2,972 

20<to<25 1,984 7 8 6 1,992 

25< to <30 908 3 6 1 914 

30< 1 ,379 5 8 1 1 ,387 

Unspecified 35 35 

Total 29,873 100 1,061 100 143 100 31 ,078 

Median yr. . 9 NAp 7 NAp 7 NAp 9_ 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Total 



pet 



8 

21 

28 

20 

10 

6 

3 

4 





100 
NAp 



Table E-36.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by race 



Experience at White Black Hispanic 

present company, yr workers pet "Workers pet' Workers 

0<tO<1 1,719 7 266 6 299 

1< to <5 5,298 23 572 12 610 

5<to<10 6,526 28 1,116 23 884 

10<to«15 4,309 18 1,402 29 293 

15<to«20 2,184 9 627 13 128 

20 to <25 1 ,464 6 390 8 103 

25to«30 752 3 123 3 40 

30 1 ,045 4 264 6 76 

Unspecified 30 5 

Total 23,327 100 4,758 100 2,439 

Median yr.. 9 NAp 12 NAp 7 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Other 



Unspecified 



Total 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



12 

25 

36 

12 

5 

4 

2 

3 





67 

88 

96 

93 

21 

32 



3 





17 

22 

24 

23 

5 

8 



1 





24 

36 

69 

10 

12 

3 









16 
23 
45 
6 
8 
2 






100 
NAp 



399 
8 



100 
NAp 



154 

7 



100 
NAp 



2,375 
6,604 
8,691 
6,108 
2.972 
1,992 
914 
1,387 
35 



31,078 
9 



8 

21 

28 

20 

10 

6 

3 

4 





100 
NAp 



Table E-37.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by education 

Experience at Some Some high High school Vocational Some College Unspecified Total 

present company elementary school diploma diploma college degree ■" 

y Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

0<to«1 40 2 346 7 1,090 7 220 9 308 12 177 11 195 8 2.375 8 

1<to<5 208 10 1,014 20 3,297 23 576 22 650 26 444 28 414 17 6.604 21 

5<tO«10 478 22 1,379 27 4,004 27 718 28 802 32 576 36 734 30 8,691 28 

10< to <15 552 25 1,055 20 2,855 19 508 20 398 16 176 11 564 23 6.108 20 

15<to«20 303 14 531 10 1,512 10 258 10 114 5 45 3 209 9 2,972 10 

20<to<25 189 9 362 7 981 7 122 5 92 4 37 2 209 9 1,992 6 

25< to «30 163 7 262 5 269 2 63 2 69 3 25 2 63 3 914 3 

30< 231 11 201 4 628 4 98 4 65 3 106 7 58 2 1,387 4 

Unspecified 5 5 15 10 1 35 

Total 2,168 100 5,155 100 14,652 100 2,563 100 2,497 100 1,596 100 2,445 100 31.078 100 

Median. . .yr. . 14 NAp 10 NAp 9 NAp 9 NAp 7 NAp 6 NAp 9 NAp 9 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



33 



Table E-38.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, by education 

Some Some high High school Vocational Some College Unspecified Total 

elementary school diploma diploma college degree 

Age, yr '— *- - 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

15-20 5 1 107 30 158 45 6 2 35 10 42 12 353 100 

21-23 39 3 92 8 732 63 75 6 72 6 25 2 126 11 1,162 100 

24-26 16 1 320 13 1,405 59 132 6 227 9 83 3 217 9 2,400 100 

27-29 55 2 323 10 1,675 53 391 12 318 10 147 5 228 7 3,137 100 

30-34 188 3 806 15 2,596 48 485 9 653 12 333 6 362 7 5,424 100 

35-39 149 3 652 13 2,373 49 512 10 472 10 340 7 383 8 4,881 100 

40-49 550 8 1,461 21 3,077 44 564 8 348 5 312 5 614 9 6,926 100 

50+ 1,159 17 1,333 20 2,581 39 386 6 362 5 339 5 473 7 6,632 100 

Unspecified 7 4 60 37 56 35 12 7 10 6 17 10 162 100 

Total 2,168 7 5,155 17 14,652 47 2,563 8 2,497 8 1,596 5 2,445 8 31,078 100 

Mean age . . . yr . . 48 NAp 41 NAp 38 NAp 38 NAp 36 NAp 40 NAp 39 NAp 39 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-39.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, race, and education, by sex 



Male Female 

Workers pet Workers 

Age, yr: 

15-20 343 1 10 

21-23 1,105 4 38 

24-26 2,315 8 68 

27-29 2,986 10 138 

30-34 5,231 18 178 

35-39 4,640 16 236 

40-49 6,653 22 219 

50+ 6,443 22 174 

Unspecified 157 1 

Total 29,873 10C) 1,061 

Mean age yr. . 39 NAp 38 

Race: 

White 22,588 76 691 

Black 4,421 15 290 

Hispanic 2,360 8 62 

Other 380 1 19 

Unspecified 125 

Total 29,873 100 1,061 ~ 

Education level: 

Some elementary 2,055 7 102 

Some high school ... . 4,964 17 170 

High school diploma . . 14,148 47 436 

Vocational diploma . . . 2,482 8 69 

Some college 2,348 8 139 

College degree 1 ,544 5 47 

Unspecifed 2,331 8 97 

Total 29,873 100 1,061 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Unspecified 



Total 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



1 

4 

6 

13 

17 

22 

21 

16 






19 
17 
13 
16 

5 
54 
15 

5 




13 
12 

9 
11 

3 
38 
10 

3 



100 
NAp 



143 
37 



100 
NAp 



65 

27 

6 

2 





48 
48 
18 

30 



100 



143 



10 

16 

41 

7 

13 

4 

9 



11 
21 
68 
12 
10 
5 
17 



100 



143 



34 
33 
12 

21 



100 



8 

15 

47 

8 

7 

3 

12 



100 



353 
1,162 
2,400 
3,137 
5,424 
4,881 
6,926 
6,632 

162 



31,078 
39 



23,327 

4,758 

2,439 

399 

154 



31,078 



2,168 
5,155 
14,652 
2,563 
2,497 
1,596 
2,445 



31 ,078 



1 

4 

8 

10 

17 

16 

22 

21 

1 



100 
NAp 



75 

15 

8 

1 





100 



7 
17 
47 
8 
8 
5 
8 



100 



34 



Table E-40.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age and education, by race 

White Black Hispanic Other Unspecified 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Age, yr: 

15-20 235 1 82 2 16 1 20 5 

21-23 859 4 107 2 134 5 37 9 25 16 

24-26 1,807 8 238 5 288 12 58 14 9 6 

27-29 2,510 11 356 7 234 10 25 6 11 7 

30-34 3,841 16 1,011 21 446 18 96 24 31 20 

35-39 3,718 16 660 14 423 17 63 16 16 10 

40-49 5,102 22 1,215 26 504 21 57 14 49 32 

50+ 5,110 22 1,088 23 384 16 42 11 9 6 

Unspecified 145 1 11 (3 5 3_ 

Total 23,327 100 4,758 100 2,439 100 395) 100 154 Too" 

Mean age yr. 39 NAp 40 NAp 37 NAp 35 NAp 35 NAp 

Education level: 

Some elementary 1,057 5 758 16 334 14 13 3 6 4 

Some high school 3,276 14 1,321 28 417 17 100 25 41 27 

High school diploma . . 11,652 50 1,730 36 1,070 44 159 40 40 26 

Vocational diploma . . . 2,054 9 348 7 145 6 16 4 

Some college 2,082 9 186 4 166 7 53 13 10 6 

College degree 1,501 6 8 24 1 41 10 22 14 

Unspecified 1,704 7 407 9 283 12 16 4 35 23 

Total 23,327 100 4,758 100 2,439 100 399 100 154 100 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


353 


1 


1,162 


4 


2,400 


8 


3,137 


10 


5,424 


17 


4,881 


16 


6,926 


22 


6,632 


21 


162 


1 



31.078 
39 



100 
NAp 



2,168 


7 


5,155 


17 


14,652 


47 


2,563 


8 


2,497 


8 


1,596 


5 


2,445 


8 


31,078 


100 



Table E-41. — Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, by 

employment size class 

Employment size class 1 Workers CV, pet 

1-19 3,825 5~4 

20-49 4,062 8.9 

50-99 4,360 7.4 

100-249 9,049 7.3 

250-499 5,514 6.3 

500+ 6,625 Ul 

All groupings 33,434 2.9 

'MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the 
primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published 
injury statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-42.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 
number of workers and coefficient of variation, by job title 



Job title grouping 1 



Workers 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 

Beltman-belt repairman 

Blaster 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 

Driller-rock bolter 

Electrician-lampman 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 

Grader-scraper operator 

Laborer-miner-utility man 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 

Maintenance 

Working 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 

Mine technical support 

Office worker 

Plant operator-warehouseman 

Shuttle car-tram operator 

Stone cutter-finisher 

Truck driver 

All groupings 



33.434 



CV, pet 



983 


11.4 


146 


52.0 


77 


50.4 


68 


13.1 


1,092 


8.6 


558 


17.7 


608 


13.3 


1.286 


10.5 


361 


27.8 


4.046 


8.5 


2,152 


5.0 


537 


12.1 


1.519 


13.4 


5.929 


5.5 


3,000 


11.2 


2.356 


4.1 


6.742 


4.0 


394 


22.7 


15 


100.0 


1.565 


12.0 



2.9 



'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title 
grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



35 



Table E-43.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, by principal 

equipment operated 

Equipment operated grouping 2 Workers CV, pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 887 9.7 

Belt 157 47.0 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 1,102 14.1 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 275 30.7 

Drill (surface) 313 25.3 

Explosives 77 50.4 

Front-end loader-forklift 1,915 6.1 

Grader-scraper 506 1 7.9 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 6,564 7.3 

Hoist-elevator 203 43.6 

Many equipment 840 9.4 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 1,915 10.8 

Plant equipment 5,304 4.0 

Pump 179 37.4 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 1 ,506 7.0 

Shuttle car-locomotive 389 13.6 

Stone cutting-finishing 15 106.9 

Truck (haulage) 1,570 12.1 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 604 18.3 

Welding machine-lathe 443 21.0 

None 5,837 5.3 

Not elsewhere classified 145 28.9 

Unspecified 333 28.4 

All groupings 31 ,078 2l) 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-44.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, 

by work location 

Work location Workers CV, pet 

Underground mine 3,643 JT5 

Surface at underground mine 1,783 6.3 

Surface mine 11 ,208 3.1 

Plant or mill 13,634 5.6 

Office 3,167 6.5 

All groupings 33,434 2~1) 



NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-45.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, by 

experience at job, company, and mining 

Experience, yr Workers CV, pet 

At present job: 

0< to <1 4,900 9.0 

1< to <2 3,681 8.8 

2< to <3 2,142 11.2 

3< to <5 3,711 5.4 

5< to«10 8,197 5.8 

10< to <20 5,253 7.8 

20< 841 12.8 

Unspecified 2,353 17.1 

All groupings 31 ,078 2.9 

At present company: 

0< to =S1 2,375 10.0 

1< to <5 6,604 5.5 

5< to =S10 8,691 7.2 

10< to <15 6,108 4.5 

15< to «20 2,972 7.4 

20< to<25 1,992 9.3 

25< to <30 914 7.4 

30< 1 ,387 9.2 

Unspecified 35 54.3 

All groupings 31,078 2.9 ~ 

Total mining: 

0< to <1 1,426 11.7 

1< to <5 4,684 7.3 

5< to <10 7,505 9.1 

10< to <15 5,713 6.4 

15< to <20 2,945 7.3 

20< to «25 1,723 10.1 

25< to <30 884 1 1 .8 

30< 1,424 10.3 

Unspecified 4,774 9.5 

All groupings 31 ,078 2.9 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-46.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, 

by training received 

Job training for last 2 yr, h Workers CV, pet 

2,178 25^5 

1-8 1,363 20.1 

9-15 381 21.6 

16 7,132 5.3 

17-40 5,685 9.8 

41-80 3,609 7.7 

81-160 1,265 13.0 

161+ 931 20.1 

Unspecified 8,532 7.2 

All groupings 31 ,078 2^9 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



36 



Table E-47.— Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
number of workers and coefficient of variation, by age 

Age, yr Workers CV, pet 

15-20 353 28^2 

21-23 1,162 13.0 

24-26 2,400 6.7 

27-29 3,137 12.7 

30-34 5,424 5.5 

35-39 4,881 7.0 

40-49 6,926 5.3 

50+ 6,632 2.2 

Unspecified 162 4CX5 

All groupings 31 ,078 2^9 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-48. — Nonmetallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, 

by sex, race, and education 

Workers CV, pet 
Sex* 

Male 29,873 2.7 

Female 1,061 18.9 

Unspecified 143 48.3 

All groupings 31 ,078 2.9 

White 23,327 3.7 

Black 4,758 6.8 

Hispanic 2,439 7.6 

Other 399 11.8 

Unspecified 154 38.1 

All groupings 31 ,078 2.9 

Education level: 

Some elementary 2,168 9.4 

Some high school 5,155 8.0 

High school diploma 14,652 3.8 

Vocational diploma 2.563 14.2 

Some college 2,497 12.9 

College degree 1 ,596 1 1 .3 

Unspecified 2,445 1 5.7 

All groupings 31 ,078 2.9 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



37 



APPENDIX R— MINING INDUSTRY POPULATION SURVEY LETTERS 

AND QUESTIONNAIRE 




United States Department of the Interior 



BUREAU OF MINES 

2401 E STREET, NW. 

WASHINGTON, D.G. 20241 



Dear Mine Manager: 

The Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, is requesting your help 
in conducting a survey of the mining industry. The survey is designed to char- 
acterize the nation's mine-worker population by occupation, job experience, 
training, age, and other factors. These data are necessary to accurately ana- 
lyze the nation's mine accidents. At this time, the information sought by 
this survey cannot be obtained from any other source. 

Your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size in your 
industry. Although your response to this survey is voluntary, the validity of 
the results depends upon a very high response rate. We urge you, therefore, 
to respond as completely and accurately as possible based upon information 
from your personnel files, management records, or direct response from indi- 
vidual workers at your mine. 

Under no circumstances will the information you provide be identified by 
individual mine, company, or worker. The data will be used for statistical 
purposes only and the results of the survey when analyzed with accident statis- 
tics will be made available to the public in the form of official publications. 

Instructions for completing the survey questionnaire are on the enclosed survey 
form. Questions regarding the survey should be directed to: 



Ms. Shail Butani 

Bureau of Mines 

5629 Minnehaha Avenue South 

Minneapolis, MN 55417 

Telephone: (612) 725-4500 

Thank you for your time and effort. 



(Note: Collect calls regarding 
this survey will be accepted during 
regular business hours, 8:00 a.m. to 
4:00 p.m., Central Time.) 



Sincerely, 




^-2/ 



Director 



Enclosure 




United States Department of the Interior 



BUREAU OF MINES 

2401 E STREET, NW. 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 



Dear Employer: 

Recently, we wrote to you requesting your help in obtaining data for a survey 
for the mining industry. This information will be used to produce the 
characteristics of the nation's mine-worker population in order to analyze the 
nation's mine accident data more accurately. We have not yet received your 
response and have enclosed an additional survey questionnaire in case the 
original was misplaced or did not reach you. 

Because your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size 
in your industry, we are making every effort to obtain your response to ensure 
a true representation of those firms. Your response is strictly confidential 
and will be used for statistical purposes only. 

If you have any questions, please refer to the instructions on the first page 
of the questionnaire or call collect, Ms. Shail Butani at 612-725-4500. If 
you prefer, you may report your information directly by telephone. A response 
during the next 2 weeks would be great assistance to the survey. 

Thank you for your help and support in the Bureau's effort to characterize the 
mine -worker population. 



Sincerely, 



ft. 

/ ' Director 





Enclosure 





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